Ionic bonding Flashcards
Why do elements react with each other?
To gain a full outer energy level
What type of elements does ionic bonding occur in?
Metals and Non-Metals
What are the particles in ionic bonding?
Oppositely charged ions
What is ionic bonding?
The electrostatic force of attraction between a positively charged metal ion and a negatively charged non-metal ion.
How do metals become ions in ionic bonding?
They lose electrons to become positive metal ions
How do non-metals become ions in ionic bonding?
They gain electrons to become negative non-metal ions
How do Group 1 metals form ions?
They lose 1 electron to form a one positive ion e.g. Na+
How do Group 7 non-metals form ions?
They gain 1 electron to form a one negative ion e.g. Cl-
How do Group 2 metals form ions?
They lose 2 electrons to form a 2+ ion e.g. Mg2+
How go Group 6 non-metals form ions?
They gain 2 electrons to form a 2- ion e.g. O2-
What structure do ionic compounds form?
Giant ionic lattices made up of repeating units of positive and negative ions
How are the positive and negative electrons held in place in the structure?
Electrostatic force of attraction between the ions also known as ionic bonds
Which direction do ionic bonds act in?
All directions, the structure itself is three dimensional
What are the properties of ionic compounds?
- High melting and boiling point
- Cannot conduct electricity when they are solid but can if they are molten or dissolved in water
Why do ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points?
The electrostatic force of attraction between the positive and negative ions are very strong which means they require lots of energy to break them.
Why can ionic compounds not conduct electricity when solid?
Because the ions are fixed in place by the strong electrostatic forces and are not able to move freely
Why can ionic compounds conduct electricity when molten or dissolved in water?
When molten or dissolved, the ions are able to move freely and carry the charge
