Ionic Bonding Flashcards
What is an ion?
An ion is an electrically charged atom or group of atoms formed by the loss or gain of electrons.
Why do atoms lose and gain electrons?
This loss or gain of electrons takes place to obtain a full outer shell of electrons.
The electronic structure of ions of elements in groups 1, 2, 3, 5, 6 and 7 will be the same as which has?
The electronic structure of ions of elements in groups 1, 2, 3, 5, 6 and 7 will be the same as that of a noble gas - such as helium, neon, and argon.
What are negative ions and when are they formed?
Negative ions are called anions and form when atoms gain electrons, meaning they have more electrons than protons
What are anions and when are they formed?
Anions are Negative ions and are formed when atoms gain electrons, meaning they have more electrons than protons
What are positive ions called and when are they formed?
Positive ions are called cations and form when atoms lose electrons, meaning they have more protons than electrons.
What are cations and when are they formed?
Cations are Positive ions and form when atoms lose electrons, meaning they have more protons than electrons
All metals lose electrons to become what?
All metals lose electrons to other atoms to become positively charged ions
All non-metals lose or gain electrons and why?
All non-metals gain electrons from other atoms to become negatively charged ions.
How to deduce the charge of an ion?
Find the number of electrons in the outer electron shell
Find out if it is easy for the atom to gain electron or to donate electron (in most cases atoms that have fewer than four electrons, donate electrons and atoms that have more than 4 electrons, receive electrons)
Atoms that gain electrons become negative ions and atoms that donate electron forms positive ion.
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Charge/Formula of Group 1 Metals (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr)
1+
Charge/Formula of Group 2 Metals (Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra)
2+
Charge/Formula of Group 3 Metals (Al, Ga, In, Ti)
3+
Charge/formula of silver
Ag+
Charge/formula of Copper (II)
Cu 2+
Charge/formula of Iron (II)
Fe2+
Charge/formula of Iron (III)
Fe 3+
Charge/formula of Lead
Pb 2+
Charge/formula of Zinc
Zn 2+
Charge/formula of Hydrogen
H+
Charge/formula of Ammonium
NH4 +
Charge/formula of Group 5 Non-Metals (N, P, As)
3-
Charge/formula of Group 6 Non-Metals (O, S, Se)
2-
Charge/formula of Group 7 Non-Metals (F, Cl, Br, I, At)
1-
Charge/formula of Hydroxide
OH-
Charge/formula of Carbonate
CO3 2-
Charge/formula of Nitrate
NO3 -
Charge/formula of Sulfate
SO4 2-
Formula and charge of Chromium (III)
Cr3+
Formula and charge of Ammonium
NH4 +
Formula and Charge of Hydrogen Carbonate
HCO3 -
How are ionic compounds held together?
The positive and negative charges are held together by the strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions.
Ionic compounds are made of charged particles called ions which form a…
Ionic compounds are made of charged particles called ions which form a giant lattice structure.
Explain the melting and boiling points of ionic substances
Ionic substances have high melting and boiling points due to the presence of strong electrostatic forces acting between the oppositely charged ions
These forces act in all directions and a lot of energy is required to overcome them.
Describe the state of ionic compounds at room temperature
Ionic compounds are usually solid at room temperature and are non-volatile (do not vaporise easily)
Why do ionic substances tend to be soluble in water?
Ionic substances tend to be soluble in water as both ionic compounds and water are polar ( contains a region of partial positive and negative charge)substances
Ions with a higher charge will have what?
Ions with higher charge have stronger electrostatic forces and will thus have higher melting and boiling points.
For electrical current to flow in ionic compounds what must must there be present?
For electrical current to flow there must be present freely moving charged particles such as electrons or ions
Explain if ionic compounds can conduct electricity
Ionic compounds can conduct electricity in the molten state or in solution as they have ions that can move and carry charge
They cannot conduct electricity in the solid state as the ions are in fixed positions within the lattice and are unable to move
