Ionic Bonding

Question 1

Define Ion

different types of ions ?

Answer 1

A charged particle

Cations ( positive ions formed by group 1,2 and 13)
Anions(neg-15,16,17)

Question 2

Nitrate

Answer 2

NO3

-1 charge

Question 3

hydroxide

Answer 3

OH

-1 charge

Question 4

Carbonate

Answer 4

CO3

-2 charge

Question 5

Hydrogen Carbonate

Answer 5

HCO3

-1 charge

Question 6

Sulfate

Answer 6

SO4

-2 C Charge

Question 7

Phosphate

Answer 7

PO4

-3 charge

Question 8

Ammonium

Answer 8

NH4

(+1 Charge)

Question 9

Describe the process of ionization

Answer 9

electrons being transferred between atoms by gaining or losing of electrons

Question 10

Define Electrostatic Forces

Answer 10

The forces opposing charged ions are being held together by

Question 11

Define Noble Gases

Position in Periodic table ; Chemical reactivity

Answer 11

Noble gases are inert due to having a full octet or in case of He a full shell of electrons, they are found in group 18 and are stable therefore dont react

Question 12

What are polyatomic atoms

Answer 12

Ions made up of more than one atom which have expiriences a loss/gain of electrons

Question 13

Ions do not form when?

Answer 13

there is isolation

Question 14

Main forces seen in ionic bonds

Answer 14

Electrostatic forces

oppositely charges ions being attracted to each other

Question 15

Define Ionic Lattice

Answer 15

Three Dimensial crystalline structure formed by electrostatic forces in a compound

Question 16

What is coordination number

Answer 16

Used to express number of ions around a given ion in the lattice

Question 17

Define Lattice energy

And what it is dependent on

Answer 17

it is a measure of attraction between ions within the lattice

greater for ions that have higher charge density

Question 18

Name physical properties of ionic compounds

Answer 18

• High melting+boiling : due to electrostatic attraction and increases with charge of ion
• Volatility : i.e the tendency of a substance to vaporize, usually have low volatility or nonvolatile
• Solubility : Ionic compounds in water are ‘hydrated’ , dont dissolve in non polar solutions
• Electrical and thermal conductivity : due to free ions inside the lattice of the compound
• Brittleness: they are brittle which is due to their crystal structure

Question 19

What is a binary compound

Answer 19

That contains only two elements having different tendencies to either gain or lose electrons

Question 20

What is a covalent bond

Answer 20

Bond betwen a non metal and a non metal which involves sharing of electrons the shared electrons are common to the two nuclei help together by electrostatic attraction

Question 21

What is the octet rule

Answer 21

refers to tendency of atoms to form a stable arrangement of eight electrons in their outer shell.

Question 22

What is Bond length

in terms of covalent bonds

Answer 22

a measure of the distance between the two bonded nuclei

Question 23

What is Bond strength

covalent bonds

Answer 23

measure of the energy required to break the bond also called bond enthalpy

Question 24

What is the general trend of bond strentgh

covalent

Answer 24

as lenghth decreases strength increases

Question 25

When is a bond polar?

Answer 25

due to difference in the electronegativities among the bonded atoms and unsymmetrical electron distribution

Question 26

Explain Dipole

Answer 26

used to indicate partially charged parts of a bond depending on electronegativity

Question 27

What is Lewis structure what does it represents

Answer 27

It is the most common way used to describe a covalent bond, it uses dots and crosses to represent the valence electrons of all atoms in a molecule.

Question 28

Coordinate Bonds within Covalent bonds

Answer 28

a case in which both the electrons come from the same atom and are being shared by a atom not contributing anything

Question 29

Explain VSEPR | VALENCE SHELL ELECTRON PAIR REPULSION

Answer 29

the geometrical shape of a molecule is dependent on the number of electrical domains it has and the number of lone pair of electrons which repel the atoms away to distort the strucutre that would be present otherwise.