Ionic bonding

Question 1

What is Ionic bonding?

Answer 1

Formed when one or more electrons are FULLY transferred between electrons

Question 2

Electronegativity is….

Answer 2

the ability of an atom to attract towards itself the electrons in a chemical bond

Question 3

Explain how noble has structure is obtained

Answer 3

• Non metal atoms try to get a noble gas structure by gaining electrons (form negative ions)
• Metal atoms try to get a noble gas structure by losing electrons (form positive ions)

Question 4

What is the formula for Coulomb’s law?

Answer 4

F = KQ1Q2 / r2

Question 5

What is the octet rule?

Answer 5

All elements (except noble gases) show a strong tendency to join with other atoms to form molecules/ compounds

Question 6

State some properties of an ionic bond

Answer 6

• non directional
• broken when compounds dissolve in polar solvents such as water
• ionic compounds dissolve easily in water and other polar solvents
• ionic compounds aren’t charged overall

Question 7

State the ionic lattice theory

Answer 7

Every ion is attracted to all other ions with a opposite charge. The lattice has a giant structure and the lattice energy is defined as the enthalpy of formation (energy change)

Question 8

What factors favour ionic bonding

Answer 8

• lattice energy of ionic compound
• easy anion formation
• easy cation formation (low ionisation energy of the metal)

Question 9

Define polarising power

Answer 9

The smaller the ion and the higher it’s charge, the more polarising power it has (the ability to distort the electron cloud of another atom)

Question 10

Where is polarisability the highest

Answer 10

The larger an atom and the larger it’s number of electrons, the higher it’s polarisability

Question 11

With reference to cations and anions talk about polarising power and polarisability

Answer 11

• cations (positively charged iron) are typically smaller then anions so have more polarising power
• anions tend to be more polarisable

Question 12

State Fajan’s rules

Answer 12

• An ionic compound is likely to have some covalent character if:
  • the cation is small/has high charge = highly polarising
  • the anion is large/ has a high charge= highly polarisable

Question 13

Explain and state some polyatomic ions

Answer 13

Polyatomic ions are ions made up of more than one type of atom 
e.g: 
• ammonium 
• nitrate 
•sulfate 
•carbonate

Question 14

How do we name Ionic compounds

Answer 14

• First word is the cation (usually the same as the parent element)
• Second name is the anion. If the second job is polyatomic it is just the name of the polyatomic ion. If the second ion is an element, the end of the elements name changes to - Ide.
  ~ e.g Oxygen —— oxide