Ionic and Covalent Bonds Flashcards
This is a study guide for an upcoming quiz on this topic.
What is a chemical bond?
A chemical bond is a bond that forms when atoms transfer or share electrons.
Why do elements form compounds?
To be stable; in order to be stable, an atom must have a full outer electron shell.
What does reactive mean?
Reactive means an element readily forms chemical bonds, often releasing energy.
What is an ionic bond?
It is a type of bond where electrons are transferred among different atoms.
An ionic bond typically occurs between a _______ and a ________.
metal, nonmetal
Ionic bonds result in the formation of these:
ions
What are ions?
Ions are atoms or molecules that have a charge due to having lost or gained electrons.
There are two specific types of ions, ________ and ________.
cations, anions
What is a cation?
A cation is a type of ion with a positive charge after losing electrons in bonding.
What is an anion?
An anion is a type of ion with a negative charge after gaining electrons in bonding.
________ are usually nonmetals and ________ are usually metals (types of ions).
Anions, cations
Elements in the same group will form ________ the same way.
ions
Why do ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points?
Ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points because the bonds between these atoms after reactions are very strong.
True or False: Ionic compounds are soluble in water.
True
What is a crystal lattice?
A crystal lattice is what ionic compounds are arranged into; it is a regular repeating pattern.
A crystal lattice typically causes ionic compounds to become ________ ________.
brittle solids
Ionic compounds can only conduct electricity when dissolved in water because…
…the ions are no longer locked into a place when they are solid, which causes the electric current to move through more easily.
Covalent bonds exist between a ________ and a ________.
nonmetal, nonmetal
What is a covalent bond?
It is a type of bond where electrons are shared among different atoms.
In a covalent bond, the electrons are shared so the atoms can achieve a(n) ________.
octet/full outer shell of electrons
Can covalent bonds conduct electricity, even if dissolved in water?
No
True or False: Covalent bonds have high boiling and melting points because the bonds between the atoms are very strong.
False; Covalent bonds have low melting and boiling points because the bonds between the atoms are very weak.
Covalent bonds are ________ that can be solids, liquids, or gases.
molecules
