Ionic And Covalent Bonding Flashcards
What do the numbers represent for each element on the periodic table?
The top number is the relative atomic mass number. The bottom number is the atomic (proton) number
What is it meant by a stable arrangement?
It’s when there is a full outer shell
Which elements are considered stable and why?
Noble gases are considered stable because they have a full outer shell
What happens to make a positive ion? Negative ion
When metal atoms lose electrons it forms a positive ion (cations). When non-metal atoms gain electrons it forms a negative ion (anions)
What is the name if the force that holds ions bonded together?
Electrostatics force
Which types of elements generally form ionic bonded together?
Metals and non-metals
How does the charge on an ion represent the electrons in its outer shell? Give examples of positive and negative ions?
If the charge is positive it’s lost an electron. If it’s a negative charge it’s gained and electron, e.g aluminium and oxygen
What is the name of the structure formed from ionic bonding?
A lattice
Why are ionic bonds strong?
There are strong electrostatic forces of attraction between them
How many crystal types are mentioned?
There are 7 basic crystal types
Explain how to work out the ionic formulae of ionic compounds using examples
You work out the ionic formulae by taking the symbol of the elements involved and put them together e.g sodium chloride (NaCl)
What are polyatomic ions? Give examples of compounds they form
Polyatomic ions are small simple ions that can be joined in a chain to form a polymer e.g carbon atoms can form up to four covalent bonds with other atoms
Why do ionic compounds have a high melting and boiling point?
Because there are electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions are strong and there needs to be lots of energy to overcome this
When do ionic compounds conduct electricity?
When dissolved or molten
Why do ionic compounds conduct electricity?
Ionic compounds can only conduct electricity in the liquid state because when they are in the solid state the ions are not free to move from place to place
Which are the cations? What are they attracted to?
Cations are metal atoms that lose electrons to form a positive ion, they are attracted to the negative electrode
Which are anions? What are they attracted to?
Anions are non-metal atoms that lose electrons to form a negative ion, they are attracted to the positive electrode
What is a molecular substance?
molecular substances contain groups of aToms that are held together by strong bonds called covalent bonds
Which elements form covalent bonds?
Non-metals
Why are elements more stable as covalent bonds?
They have shared their electrons to make a full outer shell
What is the difference between an atom and an ion?
An atom has an equal number of protons and electrons. An ion is an atom that has lost or gained an electron
