Ionic And Covalent Bonding

Question 1

What do the numbers represent for each element on the periodic table?

Answer 1

The top number is the relative atomic mass number. The bottom number is the atomic (proton) number

Question 2

What is it meant by a stable arrangement?

Answer 2

It’s when there is a full outer shell

Question 3

Which elements are considered stable and why?

Answer 3

Noble gases are considered stable because they have a full outer shell

Question 4

What happens to make a positive ion? Negative ion

Answer 4

When metal atoms lose electrons it forms a positive ion (cations). When non-metal atoms gain electrons it forms a negative ion (anions)

Question 5

What is the name if the force that holds ions bonded together?

Answer 5

Electrostatics force

Question 6

Which types of elements generally form ionic bonded together?

Answer 6

Metals and non-metals

Question 7

How does the charge on an ion represent the electrons in its outer shell? Give examples of positive and negative ions?

Answer 7

If the charge is positive it’s lost an electron. If it’s a negative charge it’s gained and electron, e.g aluminium and oxygen

Question 8

What is the name of the structure formed from ionic bonding?

Answer 8

A lattice

Question 9

Why are ionic bonds strong?

Answer 9

There are strong electrostatic forces of attraction between them

Question 10

How many crystal types are mentioned?

Answer 10

There are 7 basic crystal types

Question 11

Explain how to work out the ionic formulae of ionic compounds using examples

Answer 11

You work out the ionic formulae by taking the symbol of the elements involved and put them together e.g sodium chloride (NaCl)

Question 12

What are polyatomic ions? Give examples of compounds they form

Answer 12

Polyatomic ions are small simple ions that can be joined in a chain to form a polymer e.g carbon atoms can form up to four covalent bonds with other atoms

Question 13

Why do ionic compounds have a high melting and boiling point?

Answer 13

Because there are electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions are strong and there needs to be lots of energy to overcome this

Question 14

When do ionic compounds conduct electricity?

Answer 14

When dissolved or molten

Question 15

Why do ionic compounds conduct electricity?

Answer 15

Ionic compounds can only conduct electricity in the liquid state because when they are in the solid state the ions are not free to move from place to place

Question 16

Which are the cations? What are they attracted to?

Answer 16

Cations are metal atoms that lose electrons to form a positive ion, they are attracted to the negative electrode

Question 17

Which are anions? What are they attracted to?

Answer 17

Anions are non-metal atoms that lose electrons to form a negative ion, they are attracted to the positive electrode

Question 18

What is a molecular substance?

Answer 18

molecular substances contain groups of aToms that are held together by strong bonds called covalent bonds

Question 19

Which elements form covalent bonds?

Answer 19

Non-metals

Question 20

Why are elements more stable as covalent bonds?

Answer 20

They have shared their electrons to make a full outer shell

Question 21

What is the difference between an atom and an ion?

Answer 21

An atom has an equal number of protons and electrons. An ion is an atom that has lost or gained an electron