ion channels and transporters Flashcards
Kinesin moves in an ______ fashion
anterograde from the cell body to the axon terminal)
Dynein moves in a fashion _______
retrograde,, (from the axon terminal toward the cell body)
microtubules allow for ______of proteins to specific areas within neurons.
trafficking
Cytoskeleton: ”____ ____ of the cell
“highways” and “bones
____ Growth cone from Aplysia.
is concentrated in lamellipodia and filopodia on the ___
Actin outside
Disruptions of microtubules can result in disease pathology like
Rabies Herpes simplex Chicken pox and Shingles Huntington’s Disease Alzheimers Disease
what for dieseses use the neuron’s axoplasmic transport system to gain access to the CNS
Rabies
Herpes simplex
Chicken pox and Shingles
Rabies virus travels along _____ nerves from the site of the bite to the CNS
afferent
Herpes virus moves from the ___ ____ to nerve ______near the skin,
cell body, endings
In neurons, protein synthesis can occur in both ______ and______
cell bodies and dendrites!
Major Ions in Neurons
Sodium: Na+
Potassium: K+
Chloride: Cl-
Calcium: Ca++
ion Channels
Move ions down their concentration gradient across a membrane
ion Pumps
Use energy from ATP hydrolysis to move ions against their concentration gradient
Transporters
Move one ion down its concentration gradient in order to move another ion against its concentration gradient
_____ and _____ create ion concentration gradients
Pumps and transporters
Ion concentration gradients store _____ which _____ Ion concentration gradients store energy
energy, drives
Basic Components of Ion Channel
Permeable to ions
Recognize of specific ions
Open and close in response to various stimuli
3 main Types of Channels
Ligand-gated
Voltage-gated
Leak (always open)
Types of Ligand-gated
Channels
Chemical
Enzymatic
Thermal
Stretch Sensitive
Voltage-gated Na+ channels: neurotoxin and the animals
Tetrodotoxin - for pufferfish
scorpion toxins
other Voltage-gated channels: neurotoxin and the animals
Bungarotoxin (cobra) – nicotinic AchR
Conotoxin (cone snail) – Ca+ channels
Dendrotoxin (green mamba) – K+ channels
explain the cell attached method (study ion channels)
method where a mild suction is created from a tight contact between pipette and membrane
explain the whole cell recording method (study ion channels
pipette breaks cell membrane and records the interior
