Ion Channel Blockers Flashcards
the heart is _______ to a mechanical pump
analogous
total volume of blood in body
5 L
the heart pumps at a rate of
5L per min
1 beat per
0.8 sec
100,000 beats per
day
how many miles of arteries, veins, and capillaries
60,000 miles
blood takes ___, ____, and ___ to the body’s tissues via _______
oxygen, nutrients, and hormones
via arteries
the blood takes ___, _______, and _______ from tissues via _______
carbon dioxide (CO2), urea, and waste materials via veins
how many chambers in the heart
4
the heart is a __ chambered ___ pump
4
double
the heart has both _____ and _____ aspects
mechanical and electrical
ventricular pressure and ventricular volume
mechanical aspect
voltage: electrocardiogram
electrical aspect
Electrocardiogram have _____ vs. ______
voltage vs. time plot
a recording of the heart’s electrical activity
electrocardiogram (ECG)
electrokardiogram (EKG)
a measure of brain electrical activity
electroencephalogram (EEG)
irregular heartbeat
cardiac arrhythmia
typical heart rate
75 bpm
tachycardia heart rate is
> 100 bpm;
too fast
bradycardia heart rate is
< 60 bpm
too slow
irregular heart rate is
extra beats
skipped beats
nature of the beat
most common arrhythmia is
atrial fibrillation
a-fib
what treats a-fib
pharmacotherapy with ion channel inhibitors
Each peak in the voltage vs. time plot is
a heart beat
inside myocyte cell is
intracellular; cytosol
ionic basis of action potentials inside of the mycoyte are
Na+
K+
Ca2+
Low Na+ = 20mM
High K+ = 150 mM
Low Ca2+ = < 0.0001 mM
ionic basis of action potentials outside mycoyte cell are
High Na+ = 145mM
Low K+ = 4 mM
High Ca2+ = 2 mM
outside mycote cell is
extracellular
blood
cardiac cells are
mycocytes
cardiac cells (myocytes) have ______ across the cell membrane
electrical potential
Nerst Electrochemistry Equation
E (volts) ∝ log (Na outisde cell / Na inside cell)
differential ion concentration establishes
resting membrane potential
ion flow generates
electrical current
unassisted ion can
not cross membrane
are ions polar or nonpolar
polar (hydrophilic)
interior of a membrane is polar or nonpolar
nonpolar (hydrophobic)
protein loop that distinguishes Na, K, Ca & etc
selectivity filter
cavity for hydrated ions; large enough to bind drugs
vestibule
protein helix whose movement controls “open” or “closed” states of the channel
gate
