Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Breast > IOD Breast Pathology > Flashcards

IOD Breast Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

How do the causes of breast lumps vary to age?

A

Young-fibroadenoma and fibrocystic change more, cancer less

Old-cancer more, fibroadenoma and fibrocystic changes less

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the triple assessment?

A

• Clinical -history and examination
• Radiological (mammography, ultrasound)
• mammography (usually in older patients >35yr). identifies microcalcifications and densities.
• ultrasound (usually in younger patients <35y because their breast tissue is too dense for
mammography) good for distinguishing solid and cystic lesions, and it can guide a needle test.
• Pathological - a needle test: FNA and/or core biopsy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the reporting categories?

A 
C1/B1- inadequate
C2/B2 benign
C3/B3 equivocal favour benign
C4/B4 equivocal favour malignant
C5/B5 malignant
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Accuracy in MDT?

A

99%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Fibroadenoma?

A

Common benign breast tumour
frim painless mobile lump
well-circumscribed and has well-differentiated glands in CT stroma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Fibrocystic?

A

Minor aberrations/cysts and fibrosis in second half of cycle
pain, tenderness, lumps
25-45 yrs
analgesics and aspiration/excision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Lifetime risk of breast cancer?

A

1 in 8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

more common in?

A

40-70 yrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

major risk fctors?

A

oestrogen exposure, Fh and alcohol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

oestrogen exposure?

A

female,age,obesity,early menarche,, late menopause,COC, HRT >10 yrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Family history?

A

BRCA 1 and 2-AD

TP53

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How many are familial?

A

5-10%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Risk reducing surgery?

A

bilateral mastectomy and salpingo-oophorectomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

alcohol?

A

risk increases by 10% for each drink

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Clinical features?

A 
upper outer quadrant of breast
hard painless lump
nipple inversion and skin dimpling
ulceration/fungation
peau d'orange
nipple eczema
palpable axillary nodes
metastatic disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

MDT?

A

oncologist, radiologist, pathologist, endocrinologist, specialist nurses etc

17
Q

pathology?

A

Ductal-75%
Lobular-10-15%
Both present in terminal duct lobular unit

18
Q

DCIS?

A

Epithelial cells showing signs of malignancy are in the TDLU but have not invaded past the basement membrane

19
Q

IDC?

A

Tumour cells invaded past the basement membrane into surrounding tissue and has potential to mets

20
Q

Features of DCIS?

A 
carcinoma in situ
confined by BM
pre-cancerous
not always a mass
linked to microcalcifications-mammography
unifocal lesion on one area
surgically excised
21
Q

Features of IDC?

A

invasive growth and met potential

palpable breast mass

22
Q

Pagets disease?

A

DCIS cells in epidermis spreading to nipple and areola, causing inflammation

23
Q

Pagets features?

A

underlying invasive carcinoma
not all women with DCIS have it
not linked to P disease of bone

24
Q

Invasive lobular carcinoma

A

tumour cells infiltrating normal breast tissue linearly-loss of E cadherin catenin cell adhesion system

25
Q

Other types?

A

tubular, cribiform, mucinous

26
Q

Prognostic factors?

A 
tumour stage-TNM
grade-how aggressive
histological subtype
vascular invasion
excision margins-prevents local recurrence
oestrogen and her2
27
Q

oestrogen receptors and HER2?

A

ER+-lower grade and less aggressive-responsive to therapy
HER2-oncogene coding for TKR
HER2+-poor prognosis -response to herceptin

28
Q

Sentinel LN?

A

First node draining a cancer
if no cancer-highly likely no spread
if cancer-chance of spread

29
Q

Management?

A

+=axillary clearance

-=no removal

30
Q

+ of sentinel node biopsy?

A

prognostic factor

no need for clearance and linked morbidities

31
Q

Process of SNB?

A

Technetium 99m injected into tissue around tumour and nodes inspected for staining and uses gamma probe
removed and examined by histopathologist

32
Q

Screening?

A

Identify DCIS and small cancers earlier before signs develop
50-70 yrs every 3 yrs
further assessment if needed

33
Q

Further assessment?

A

imaging, exam, core biopsy

Breast (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions