IOA

Question 1

Unscored-Interval IOA

Answer 1

Calculated by only using those intervals in which either observer recorded the nonoccurrence of the behavior. # of agreed nonoccurrence/# agree and # disagree X 100

Question 2

Scored-Interval IOA

Answer 2

Calculated using only those intervals in which either observer recorded the occurrence of the behavior. 
# of agreed occurrence/# of agree and disagree X 100q

Question 3

Interval-by-Interval IOA

Answer 3

Primary observer's record is compared to the secondary observer's record interval by interval.
# intervals agree/# total intervals X 100

Question 4

Mean Duration-per-Occurrence IOA

Answer 4

More conservative and usually more meaningful assessment.

Duration of Interval + Duration on another Interval + Total intervals/Total duration X 100

Question 5

Total Duration IOA

Answer 5

Shorter duration/longer duration X 100

Question 6

Trail-by-Trial IOA

Answer 6

The agreement between 2 observers who measured the occurrence or nonoccurrence of discrete trial behaviors for which the count for each trial, or response opportunity, can only be 0 or 1 can be calculated by comparing the observers' total counts or by comparing their counts on a trial-by-trial basis.
# of intervals agree/total intervals X 100

Question 7

Exact Count-per-Interval IOA

Answer 7

The most stringent, the percent of total intervals in which two observers recorded the same count.
# of agreed occurrences/total intervals x 100

Question 8

Mean Count-per-Interval IOA

Answer 8

Interval 1 + Interval 2 + total # of intervals/total number of intervals x 100

Question 9

Total Count IOA

Answer 9

The simplest and crudest indicator of IOA.

small #/large # X 100

Question 10

Stimulus Generalization

Answer 10

When an antecedent stimulus has a history of evoking a response that has been reinforced in its presence, the same type of behavior tends to be evoked by stimuli that share similar physical properties with the controlling antecedent stimulus.

Question 11

Response Generalization

Answer 11

The extend to which the learner emits untrained responses that are functionally equivalent to the trained target behavior.

Question 12

Concurrent Schedule

Answer 12

occurs when a) 2 or more contingencies of reinforcement b) operate independently and simultaneously c) for two or more behaviors. You must make a choice between 2 behaviors. Sd is available

Question 13

Concurrent Schedule

Answer 13

making choices among concurrently available reinforcing events

Question 14

Multiple Schedule

Answer 14

presents two or more schedules of reinforcement in an alternating usually random sequence, schedules occur successively and independently. Para v Teacher

Question 15

Chained Schedule

Answer 15

Two or more basic schedule requirements that occur successively, and have a discriminative stimulus (sd) correlated with each independent schedule. Must be done in order and the reinforcement is at the end. Maps, receipe, instructions. Ratio and Interval.

Question 16

Mixed Schedule

Answer 16

This schedule has no discriminative stimuli (no Sd) correlated with the independent schedules, example FR10 FI1-reinforcement sometimes happens after the FR and sometimes after the FI. WiFi working or not working.

Question 17

Tandem Schedule

Answer 17

Does not use discriminative stimuli with the elements in the chain, example FR15 FI2-after 15 responses the first correct response following the elapse of the FI2 produces reinforcement. Must be done in order and reinforcement is at the end. Video games, corn maze.

Question 18

Alternative Schedule

Answer 18

Provides reinforcement whenever the requirement of either a ratio schedule or an interval schedule is met regardless of which of the component schedule’s requirement is met first. SImultaneous but you can choose only 1 schedule.

Question 19

Alternative Schedule

Answer 19

either of the two conditions has been met

Question 20

Conjunctive Schedules

Answer 20

reinforcement follows the completion of response requirements for both ration schedule and interval schedule of reinforcement.

Question 21

Generic Extension (VB)

Answer 21

the novel stimulus shares all of the relevant or defining features of the original stimulus

Question 22

Metaphorical Extension (VB)

Answer 22

the novel stimulus shares some but not all of the relevant features associated with the original stimulus

Question 23

Metonymical Extension (VB)

Answer 23

verbal responses to novel stimuli that share none of the relevant features of the original stimulus configuration, but some irrelevant but related feature has acquired stimulus control

Question 24

Solistic Extension (VB)

Answer 24

occur when the stimulus property that is only indirectly related to the tact relation evokes substandard verbal behavior such as malaprops

Question 25

Generic Extension

Answer 25

a speaker who learns to tact “car” in the presence of a white truck says “car” when they see a blue truck

Question 26

Metaphorical Extension

Answer 26

Romeo says “Juliet is like the sun”

Question 27

Metonymical Extension

Answer 27

saying “car” when looking at the garage or saying “white house says” when the President said it

Question 28

Solistic Extension

Answer 28

saying “car” when referring to the driver of the car

Question 29

Resurgence

Answer 29

the reappearance of an extinguished behavior when an alternative behavior reinforced during extinction is subsequently placed on extinction

Question 30

Extinction

Answer 30

when reinforcement of a previously reinforced behavior is discontinued; as a result, the frequency of that behavior decreases in the future.

Question 31

Extinction Burst

Answer 31

an immediate increase in the frequency of the response after the removal of the positive, negative, or automatic reinforcement

Question 32

Spontaneous Recovery

Answer 32

the reappearance of the behavior after it has diminished to its pre-reinforcement level or stopped entirely

Question 33

Masking

Answer 33

one stimulus has acquired stimulus control over behavior, a competing stimulus can block the evocative function of that stimulus

Question 34

Overshadowing

Answer 34

the presences of one stimulus condition interferes with the acquisition of stimulus control by another stimulus.

Question 35

Dimensional Measurements

Answer 35

Frequency 
Rate
Duration
Latency
IRT

Question 36

Philosophical Assumptions

Answer 36

D
E
E
R
P
P

Question 37

Dimensions of ABA

Answer 37

A
B
A
Tech
G
E
C

Question 38

Fundamental Propreries

Answer 38

Temporal Extent
Temporal Locus
Repeatability

Question 39

Type I Error

Answer 39

False positive-made when the researcher concludes that the independent variable had an effect on the dependent variable, when in truth no such relation exists.

Question 40

Type II Error

Answer 40

False negative-made when the researcher concludes that an independent variable did not have an effect on the dependent variable, when in truth it did.

Question 41

Social Validity

Answer 41

Refers to the satisfaction and acceptability of the interventions and procedures effecting behavior change, based on the opinions of the individuals who receive services and implement them.

Question 42

Internal Validity

Answer 42

The extent to which you can be confident that a cause-and-effect relationship established in a study cannot be explained by other factors.

Question 43

External Validity

Answer 43

The extent to which the results of research or testing can be generalized beyond the sample that generated them.

Question 44

Confounding Variable

Answer 44

Is a third variable in a study examining a potential cause-and-effect relationship.

Question 45

Independent Variable

Answer 45

The characteristic of a psychology experiment that is manipulated or changed by researchers

Question 46

Dependent Variable

Answer 46

The variable that is being measured or tested in an experiment

Question 47

Behavioral Cusp

Answer 47

Any behavior change that brings an organism’s behavior into contact with new contingencies that have far-reaching consequences.

Question 48

Teach Loosely

Answer 48

Is about randomly and intentionally varying parts of your teaching, including materials, tone of voice, words, facial expressions, seating, room/location, time of day, etc

Question 49

Mulitiple Exemplars

Answer 49

Is a form of ‘instruction that provides practice with a variety of response topographies [which] help to ensure the acquisition of desired response forms and also promotes response generalization in the form of untrained topographies