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io Antimicrobials Flashcards

1
Q

penetrates into joints

A

cephalosporins

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2
Q

renal impairment in 80% of patients

A

amphotericin B

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3
Q

drugs processed by the liver

A

Clindamycin,

Erythromycin

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4
Q

inhibits microbial synthesis of folic acid

A

sulfonamides

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5
Q

used in treatment of MRSA

A

Vancomycin

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6
Q

broad spectrum drugs

A 
Tetracycline,
Fluoroquinolones,
Rifampin,
Cephalosporin,
Azithromycin
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7
Q

Can cause anemia

A

Amphotericin B

Rifampin

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8
Q

from beta lactam family

A

Penicillin

Cephalosporins

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9
Q

used against anaerobe gram (-) bacilli and aerobe gram (+)

A

Clindamycin

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10
Q

Bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal (depending on dose and organ)

A

Erythromycin (a macrolide)

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11
Q

used for treatment of pseudomembranous colitis

A

Metronidazole (Flagyl) with Vancomycin

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12
Q

can cause hypokalemia

A

Amphotericin B

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13
Q

used for acute herpes zoster (shingles)

A

Famciclovir

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14
Q

potentiates the effect of PO anticoagulants

A

Sulfonamides

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15
Q

Severe N/V with PO or IV administration

A

Macrolides (Azithromycin and Erythromycin)

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16
Q

Gram (-) antibiotics

A

Polymyxin B,
Colistimethate,
Metronidazole (Flagyl),
Aminoglycosides

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17
Q

Used in ortho surgeries with prosthetic devices

A

Vancomycin

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18
Q

Potent inducer of cytochrome P450

A

Rifampin

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19
Q

Used in systemic infections such as bone, soft tissue, respiratory tract

A

Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)

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20
Q

extensive renal excretion with 2-3 hrs elimination half time

20-40 fold increase with renal failure

A

Aminoglycosides

Streptomycin, Kanamycin, Gentamicin, Amikamicin, Neomycin

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21
Q

used for herpes simplex encephalitis

A

Vidarabine

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22
Q

can cause seizures

A

Amphotericin B

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23
Q

as the generations go up, the effectiveness against gram negative cocci increases

A

cephalosporins

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24
Q

gram (+) antibiotics

A

Penicillin,
Vancomycin,
Erythromycin

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25
Q

Drug that is a Monoamine oxidase inhibitor used in Parkinson’s

A

Amantadine

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26
Q

Can cause pseudomembranous colitis

A

Clindamycin

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27
Q

Most potent antibiotic at the neuromuscular junction

can produce muscle weakness similar to a muscle relaxant

A

Polymyxin B,

Colistimethate

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28
Q

Most nephrotoxic aminoglycoside

A

Neomycin

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29
Q

Treats UTIs

A

Sulfonamides,
Polymyxin B,
Colistimethate

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30
Q

fat soluble (enters the CNS)

A

Vancomycin,
Metronidazole (Flagyl),
Rifampin

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31
Q

processed by the kidneys

A 
Fluoroquinolones,
Amphotericin B,
Aminoglycosides,
Penicillin,
Ampicillin
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32
Q

can cause phototoxicity

A

Tetracyclines

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33
Q

Vancomycin dosage in adults

A

10-15 mg/kg over 1 hr

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34
Q

can cause drug induced hepatitis

A

Rifampin

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35
Q

drug against cytomegalovirus disease

A

Ganciclovir

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36
Q

drug with renal excretion with elimination 1/2 time of 3-8 hrs

A

Fluoroquinolones

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37
Q

Used n cardiac, oath and CSF and Shunt procedures

A

Vancomycin

38
Q

similar mechanism of action as macrolides

A

Clindamycin

39
Q

drug with highest incidence of skin rash

A

Ampicillin

40
Q

can cause fever, chills, hypotension with infusion

A

Amphotericin B

41
Q

Derivative of Kanamycin

42
Q

Can prolong QT (repolarization) and increases the risk for torsades de pointes

A

Erythromycin,

Azithromycin

43
Q

Penicillin drug that covers gram negative bacilli

give examples of the gm (-) bacilli that are targeted

A

Ampicillin

H. flu and E. coli

44
Q

Used for GI and GU infections

A

Fluoroquionolones

45
Q

mutagenic and carcinogenic antiviral

A

Vidarabine

46
Q

Highly neuro and nephrotoxic

A

Polymyxin B

Colistimethate

47
Q

Antibiotic to be avoided in parturients and kids

A

Tetracycline

48
Q

Treats:
pneumococcal
meningococcal
Streptococcal infections

A

Penicillin

49
Q

frequent occurrence of vestibular damage

A

streptomycin and kanamycin

50
Q

inhibits cytochrome P450

A

Fluoroquinolones

51
Q

Could have delayed hypersensitivity up to 24 hrs

A

Penicillin

52
Q

treats abdominal and pelvic sepsis

A

Metronidazole (Flagyl)

53
Q

Antagonist of macrolides

A

Clindamycin

54
Q

enhances NM blockade of lidocaine

A

Aminoglycosides

Streptomycin, Kanamycin, Gentamicin, Amikamicin, Neomycin

55
Q

not readily absorbed from the GI tract

=> gut sterilization

A

Polymyxin B and Colistimethate

56
Q

enters phagocytic cells and kills TB mycobacterium

57
Q

what are the 3 classes of cephalosporins

A

First generation: Cefazolin (Ancef), cephalexin (Keflex)

Second generation: Cefoxitin (Mefoxin)

Third generation: Cefotaxime (Claforan), ceftriaxone (Rocephin)

58
Q

drugs processed by the kidneys and the liver

A

Tetracycline
Sulfonamides
Rifampin

59
Q

increases peristalsis => increased gastric emptying and abdominal cramping

A

Erythromycin and Azithromycin

60
Q

increases the chance of NM blockage reappearance in PACU

A

Aminoglycosides

Streptomycin, Kanamycin, Gentamicin, Amikamicin, Neomycin

61
Q

can cause profound hypotension

A

Vnacomycin

62
Q

used for cytomegalic inclusion disease

A

Vidarabine

63
Q

most efficient penicillin to be absorbed from the GI tract

A

Amoxicillin

64
Q

careful administration with Myasthenia Gravis patients

A

Aminoglycosides

Streptomycin, Kanamycin, Gentamicin, Amikamicin, Neomycin

65
Q

causes toxicity at plasma levels > 9mcg/ml

A

Gentamicin

66
Q

used in bowel surgery

A

Fluoroquinolones

67
Q

can cause thrombophlebitis with prolonged IV use

A

Erythromycin

Azithromycin

68
Q

can cause hematologic toxicity

A

Ganciclovir

69
Q

treats infections of the skin, mucous membranes, eyes and ears

A

polymyxin B

Colistimethate

70
Q

treats yeast and fungus infections

A

Amphotericin B

71
Q

most allergenic antimicrobial

A

Penicillin

72
Q

drug that should always be given using an IV pump (no free flow)

A

Vancomycin

73
Q

has poor absorption through the GI

given as IM or IV

A

Aminoglycosides

Streptomycin, Kanamycin, Gentamicin, Amikamicin, Neomycin

74
Q

can cause acute hemolytic anemia

A

Penicillin

Sulfonamides

75
Q

Can treat influenza A virus infection

A

Amantadine

76
Q

can cause permanent discoloration of the teeth

A

Tetracyclines

77
Q

can potentiate the neuromuscular blockade

A

Clindamycin
Aminoglycosides
Polymyxin B
Colistimethate

78
Q

can cause drug fever

A

Sulfonamides

79
Q

can cause thrombocytopenia

A

Amphotericin B

Rifampin

80
Q

can be used in treatment of acneea (decreases fatty acids in sebum)

A

Tetracyclines

81
Q

has renal excretion with 1/2 time of 6 hrs to 9 days

A

Vnacomycin

82
Q

can cause irreversible, dose dependent ototoxicity

A

Aminoglycosides

Streptomycin, Kanamycin, Gentamicin, Amikamicin, Neomycin

83
Q

metabolized by cytochrome P450 and eliminated in the bile

A

Erythromycin

84
Q

used in hepatic coma (decreases plasma ammonia levels)

85
Q

used for:
streptococcal
enterococcal endocarditis
severe staph infections

A

Vancomycin

86
Q

stop if Creatinine > 3.5

A

Amphotericin B

87
Q

Antivirals with renal excretion

A

Acyclovir
Valacyclovir
Amantadine

88
Q

can cause severe nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity (especially if combined with ahminoglycosides)

A

Vancomycin

89
Q

can be used against AEROBIC gram negative bacteria

A

Aminoglycosides

Streptomycin, Kanamycin, Gentamicin, Amikamicin, Neomycin

90
Q

drugs that inhibit protein synthesis

A 
Aminoglycosides,
Tetracyclines,
Macrolides,
Clindamycin,
Rifampin (inhibits RNA synthesis)
91
Q

bacteriostatic drugs

A

tetracyclines,
Erythromycin,
Clindamycin,
Sulfonamides

92
Q

drugs that interfere with bacterial cell wall

A 
Penicillin,
Cephalosporins,
Vancomycin,
Polymyxin B,
Colistimethate

Io Pharm (3 decks)

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