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io Antimicrobials Flashcards

1
Q

penetrates into joints

A

cephalosporins

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2
Q

renal impairment in 80% of patients

A

amphotericin B

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3
Q

drugs processed by the liver

A

Clindamycin,

Erythromycin

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4
Q

inhibits microbial synthesis of folic acid

A

sulfonamides

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5
Q

used in treatment of MRSA

A

Vancomycin

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6
Q

broad spectrum drugs

A 
Tetracycline,
Fluoroquinolones,
Rifampin,
Cephalosporin,
Azithromycin
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7
Q

Can cause anemia

A

Amphotericin B

Rifampin

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8
Q

from beta lactam family

A

Penicillin

Cephalosporins

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9
Q

used against anaerobe gram (-) bacilli and aerobe gram (+)

A

Clindamycin

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10
Q

Bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal (depending on dose and organ)

A

Erythromycin (a macrolide)

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11
Q

used for treatment of pseudomembranous colitis

A

Metronidazole (Flagyl) with Vancomycin

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12
Q

can cause hypokalemia

A

Amphotericin B

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13
Q

used for acute herpes zoster (shingles)

A

Famciclovir

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14
Q

potentiates the effect of PO anticoagulants

A

Sulfonamides

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15
Q

Severe N/V with PO or IV administration

A

Macrolides (Azithromycin and Erythromycin)

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16
Q

Gram (-) antibiotics

A

Polymyxin B,
Colistimethate,
Metronidazole (Flagyl),
Aminoglycosides

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17
Q

Used in ortho surgeries with prosthetic devices

A

Vancomycin

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18
Q

Potent inducer of cytochrome P450

A

Rifampin

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19
Q

Used in systemic infections such as bone, soft tissue, respiratory tract

A

Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)

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20
Q

extensive renal excretion with 2-3 hrs elimination half time

20-40 fold increase with renal failure

A

Aminoglycosides

Streptomycin, Kanamycin, Gentamicin, Amikamicin, Neomycin

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21
Q

used for herpes simplex encephalitis

A

Vidarabine

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22
Q

can cause seizures

A

Amphotericin B

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23
Q

as the generations go up, the effectiveness against gram negative cocci increases

A

cephalosporins

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24
Q

gram (+) antibiotics

A

Penicillin,
Vancomycin,
Erythromycin

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25
Drug that is a Monoamine oxidase inhibitor used in Parkinson's
Amantadine
26
Can cause pseudomembranous colitis
Clindamycin
27
Most potent antibiotic at the neuromuscular junction | can produce muscle weakness similar to a muscle relaxant
Polymyxin B, | Colistimethate
28
Most nephrotoxic aminoglycoside
Neomycin
29
Treats UTIs
Sulfonamides, Polymyxin B, Colistimethate
30
fat soluble (enters the CNS)
Vancomycin, Metronidazole (Flagyl), Rifampin
31
processed by the kidneys
``` Fluoroquinolones, Amphotericin B, Aminoglycosides, Penicillin, Ampicillin ```
32
can cause phototoxicity
Tetracyclines
33
Vancomycin dosage in adults
10-15 mg/kg over 1 hr
34
can cause drug induced hepatitis
Rifampin
35
drug against cytomegalovirus disease
Ganciclovir
36
drug with renal excretion with elimination 1/2 time of 3-8 hrs
Fluoroquinolones
37
Used n cardiac, oath and CSF and Shunt procedures
Vancomycin
38
similar mechanism of action as macrolides
Clindamycin
39
drug with highest incidence of skin rash
Ampicillin
40
can cause fever, chills, hypotension with infusion
Amphotericin B
41
Derivative of Kanamycin
Amikacin
42
Can prolong QT (repolarization) and increases the risk for torsades de pointes
Erythromycin, | Azithromycin
43
Penicillin drug that covers gram negative bacilli give examples of the gm (-) bacilli that are targeted
Ampicillin H. flu and E. coli
44
Used for GI and GU infections
Fluoroquionolones
45
mutagenic and carcinogenic antiviral
Vidarabine
46
Highly neuro and nephrotoxic
Polymyxin B | Colistimethate
47
Antibiotic to be avoided in parturients and kids
Tetracycline
48
Treats: pneumococcal meningococcal Streptococcal infections
Penicillin
49
frequent occurrence of vestibular damage
streptomycin and kanamycin
50
inhibits cytochrome P450
Fluoroquinolones
51
Could have delayed hypersensitivity up to 24 hrs
Penicillin
52
treats abdominal and pelvic sepsis
Metronidazole (Flagyl)
53
Antagonist of macrolides
Clindamycin
54
enhances NM blockade of lidocaine
Aminoglycosides | Streptomycin, Kanamycin, Gentamicin, Amikamicin, Neomycin
55
not readily absorbed from the GI tract | => gut sterilization
Polymyxin B and Colistimethate
56
enters phagocytic cells and kills TB mycobacterium
Rifampin
57
what are the 3 classes of cephalosporins
First generation: Cefazolin (Ancef), cephalexin (Keflex) Second generation: Cefoxitin (Mefoxin) Third generation: Cefotaxime (Claforan), ceftriaxone (Rocephin)
58
drugs processed by the kidneys and the liver
Tetracycline Sulfonamides Rifampin
59
increases peristalsis => increased gastric emptying and abdominal cramping
Erythromycin and Azithromycin
60
increases the chance of NM blockage reappearance in PACU
Aminoglycosides | Streptomycin, Kanamycin, Gentamicin, Amikamicin, Neomycin
61
can cause profound hypotension
Vnacomycin
62
used for cytomegalic inclusion disease
Vidarabine
63
most efficient penicillin to be absorbed from the GI tract
Amoxicillin
64
careful administration with Myasthenia Gravis patients
Aminoglycosides | Streptomycin, Kanamycin, Gentamicin, Amikamicin, Neomycin
65
causes toxicity at plasma levels > 9mcg/ml
Gentamicin
66
used in bowel surgery
Fluoroquinolones
67
can cause thrombophlebitis with prolonged IV use
Erythromycin | Azithromycin
68
can cause hematologic toxicity
Ganciclovir
69
treats infections of the skin, mucous membranes, eyes and ears
polymyxin B | Colistimethate
70
treats yeast and fungus infections
Amphotericin B
71
most allergenic antimicrobial
Penicillin
72
drug that should always be given using an IV pump (no free flow)
Vancomycin
73
has poor absorption through the GI | given as IM or IV
Aminoglycosides | Streptomycin, Kanamycin, Gentamicin, Amikamicin, Neomycin
74
can cause acute hemolytic anemia
Penicillin | Sulfonamides
75
Can treat influenza A virus infection
Amantadine
76
can cause permanent discoloration of the teeth
Tetracyclines
77
can potentiate the neuromuscular blockade
Clindamycin Aminoglycosides Polymyxin B Colistimethate
78
can cause drug fever
Sulfonamides
79
can cause thrombocytopenia
Amphotericin B | Rifampin
80
can be used in treatment of acneea (decreases fatty acids in sebum)
Tetracyclines
81
has renal excretion with 1/2 time of 6 hrs to 9 days
Vnacomycin
82
can cause irreversible, dose dependent ototoxicity
Aminoglycosides | Streptomycin, Kanamycin, Gentamicin, Amikamicin, Neomycin
83
metabolized by cytochrome P450 and eliminated in the bile
Erythromycin
84
used in hepatic coma (decreases plasma ammonia levels)
Neomycin
85
used for: streptococcal enterococcal endocarditis severe staph infections
Vancomycin
86
stop if Creatinine > 3.5
Amphotericin B
87
Antivirals with renal excretion
Acyclovir Valacyclovir Amantadine
88
can cause severe nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity (especially if combined with ahminoglycosides)
Vancomycin
89
can be used against AEROBIC gram negative bacteria
Aminoglycosides | Streptomycin, Kanamycin, Gentamicin, Amikamicin, Neomycin
90
drugs that inhibit protein synthesis
``` Aminoglycosides, Tetracyclines, Macrolides, Clindamycin, Rifampin (inhibits RNA synthesis) ```
91
bacteriostatic drugs
tetracyclines, Erythromycin, Clindamycin, Sulfonamides
92
drugs that interfere with bacterial cell wall
``` Penicillin, Cephalosporins, Vancomycin, Polymyxin B, Colistimethate ```

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