Invol MS - UAMS Flashcards
R v Lowe
Actus reus - ‘act’
There must be an unlawful act, it cannot be committed by an omission.
R v Franklin
AR - ‘unlawful’
The act must constitute a criminal offence. It is not sufficient that the act committed is against civil law.
R v Rodgers
AR - ‘unlawful’
Unlawful act can include assisting the administration of drugs
R v Church
AR - ‘dangerous’
The unlawful act must be such that all sober and reasonable people would inevitably recognize that it would subject the other person to risk of harm resulting therefrom, albiet not serious harm
R v Ball
AR - ‘dangerous’
The D’s intention, foresight or knowledge is irrelevant
R v Williams
AR - causation
‘Thin skull rule’ - the D’s liable for all injuries, even if they are unexpectedly severe due to the V’s pre-existing vulnerabilities
R v Carey
AR - causation
The physical assault was not the cause of death, the cause of death was the V running in fear,an act that a sober and reasonable person would regard as subjecting V to physical harm
R v Lamb
MR
As the MR for assault was not satisfied, there was no UAMS
UAMS plan
UAMS - invol MS, common law offence, requires MR and AR
Define - where D’s unlawful and dangerous act causes the death of a human being
Actus reus
- result of D’s act not omission - R v Lowe
- must be unlawful, and doesn’t need to be directed at the V or anyone else - R v Franklin, R v Rodgers
- must be dangerous, where all sober and reasonable people would realize it would subject the V to harm, not necessarily serious harm - R v Church
- it’s irrelevant if the D had a mistaken belief that what they were doing wasn’t dangerous - R v Ball
- the unlawful and dangerous act must cause death, so normal rules of causation apply - R v Williams, R v Carey
Apply…..
Causation + apply….
Mens rea
- It is only necessary to establish the MR of the unlawful act being committed. No additional MR is required for the subsequent death - R v Lamb
Apply…
Conclusion - if the D satisfies all requirements, they can be convicted of UAMS, reducing a murder conviction to one of MS