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Science CCGS > Invisible Waves > Flashcards

Invisible Waves Flashcards

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1
Q

Good conductors

A

Metals

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2
Q

Insulators

A

Non-metals (wood)

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3
Q

Convection

A

When particles move from one place to the next- caused by heat

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4
Q

Transverse wave

A

The medium carrying the wave oscillates up and down, at right angles to the direction of energy transfer.

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5
Q

Longitudinal/ compression waves

A

Series of compressions (particles close together) and rarefactions (particles spread apart) and the medium oscillates side to side.

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6
Q

Frequency

A

Number of complete waves to pass a given point in one second- measure in hertz.

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7
Q

Amplitude

A

The height about the equilibrium in a transverse wave and the distance particles vibrate from their normal position in longitudinal waves.

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8
Q

Wavelength

A

The distance between two consecutive crests or troughs in transverse waves and between compressions in longitudinal waves.

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9
Q

Sound

A
  • produced when an object vibrates and passes vibrations in to the air.
  • back and forth vibrations of air particles (compression wave).
  • cannot travel through vacuum.
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10
Q

Speed of sound

A
  • 330 m/s

- faster in denser mediums

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11
Q

What is supersonic speed?

A

Speeds faster than the speed of sound.

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12
Q

What is an echo?

A

Sound waves that reflect off solid objects.

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13
Q

What is echolocation?

A

High frequency sound pulses that reflect of objects which helps determine size, direction and movement. Used by ocean animals.

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14
Q

Ultrasound

A

Frequencies higher that the humans hearing abilities.

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15
Q

Sonar

A

Ultrasound that gets sent underwater and then reflects off objects and then received by receiver.

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16
Q

What measure sound?

A

Cathrode Ray Oscilloscope which detects sounds waves and converts their features into a waveform.

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17
Q

Pitch

A

How quickly a sound makes air vibrate.

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18
Q

Frequency

A

Pitch

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19
Q

Amplitude

A

Volume

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20
Q

Waveform

A

High pitch- close together
Low pitch- spread apart
High volume- taller waves
Low volume- shorter waves

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21
Q

What is sound measured in?

A

Decibels (dB)

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22
Q

Pinna

A
  • outer ear

- directs sound waves into auditory canal.

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23
Q

Auditory canal

A
  • main tube

- keeps ear dust free and carries sound through to ear drum.

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24
Q

Ear drum

A
  • vibrates in response to sound waves.
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25
Q

Bone ossicles

A

Ear drum sends vibrations and the bone ossicles pass them onto the fluid in the cochlea. Also helps maintaining balance.

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26
Q

Cochlea

A

Travel through

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27
Q

Auditory nerve

A

Nerve carries sound waves to brains auditory cortex

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28
Q

Eustachian tube

A
  • connect ear and throat

- maintains equal pressure on both sides of ear drum.

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29
Q

Semi-circular canal

A
  • near bone ossicles

- detects head movement and is responsible for balance

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30
Q

Light

A
  • Travels in straight lines
  • transverse waves
  • can travel through vacuum
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31
Q

Speed of light

A

300 000 000 m/s

32
Q

Luminous objects

A

Emit own light

33
Q

Non-luminous objects

A

Reflect light coming from something else.

34
Q

Opaque

A

Absorb light and doesn’t allow any light to pass through.

35
Q

Translucent

A

Scatters light but allows just enough light to pass through to identify shapes.

36
Q

Transparent

A

All light is passed through

37
Q

Law of reflection

A

Angle of incidence = angle of reflection

38
Q

The normal

A

Perpendicular to object

39
Q

Concave

A

Curved inwards, rays converge and images are enlarged.

40
Q

Convex

A

Curved outwards, rays diverge and images are diminished.

41
Q

Refraction

A

Bending of light as it passes from one medium to another.

42
Q

Mediums

A

Denser medium = towards normal

Less dense medium = away from normal

43
Q

Speed of light through medium

A

Decreases as it passes through a denser medium.

44
Q

Convex lense

A

Rays converge to focal point

45
Q

Concave lense

A

Rays diverge

46
Q

Principle axis

A

Centre line

47
Q

Principle focus

A

Light rays pass through a convex lens and intersect at principle focus.

48
Q

Focal length

A

Between lens and focal point

49
Q

Real image

A
  • can be projected

- concave lens (converge)

50
Q

Virtual image

A
  • cannot be projected

- convex lens (diverge)

51
Q

Sclera

A
  • Outside of eye (white of the eye)

- protection

52
Q

Retina

A
  • back of eye

- receives light focused from the lens and converts it into neural signals and then sends the signals to the brain.

53
Q

Optic nerve

A

Transfers visual information from the retina to the brain via electrical impulses.

54
Q

Lens

A

By changing shape, it changes the focal distance of the eye so that it can focus on objects at various distances.

55
Q

Iris

A
  • two covers in front of lens

- controls the amount of light let into the eye

56
Q

Fovea

A
  • little cut in the retina

- responsible for accurate vision

57
Q

Cornea

A
  • first layer of eye

- refracts incoming light so that it passes trough the pupil towards the lens.

58
Q

Ciliary muscles

A
  • connected to lens

- muscles that change the lens shape to allow focusing images of objects at different distances.

59
Q

Choroid

A
  • second layer in between retina and sclera

- light absorbing layer

60
Q

Aqueous humor

A
  • between cornea and lens

- maintains pressure and nourishes the cornea and lens

61
Q

How is an image seen by the eye?

A

Inverted and diminished but brain changes it.

62
Q

Focus and the lens

A

Distant- lens is thin and ciliary muscles are relaxed

Near- lens is thick and ciliary muscles are contracted

63
Q

Myopia

A
  • distant objects out of focus and near in focus
  • light focuses infront of retina
  • eye is too long
  • concave lens to fix
64
Q

Hyperopia

A
  • distant objects in focus and near out of focus
  • light focuses behind retina
  • eye is too short
  • convex lens
65
Q

Why is two eyes better than one?

A

Helps with depth perception

66
Q

What is white light?

A

A mixture of the colours of the spectrum

67
Q

Colours of the rainbow

A

ROYGBIV

68
Q

What is dispersion?

A

The splitting of light into the colours of the spectrum.

69
Q

How is colour seen?

A

By absorbing all colour of the spectrum except reflecting the colour of the object.

70
Q

Primary colours

A

Red blue and green

71
Q

How are secondary colours formed?

A

When primary colours overlap

72
Q

How do filters work?

A

Only allows a certain colour to pass through them.

73
Q

Retina and colours

A

3 colour receptors called cones and they detect primary colours

74
Q

What is colour blindness?

A

When one or more cones is missing or not functioning properly.

75
Q

Conduction

A

When particles receive heat energy and start to move around and then collide with nearby particles and pass the heat on.

Science CCGS (5 decks)

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