Investment risk Flashcards
What is the difference between correlation and beta
Correlation is if they are related and beta measures the magnitude of their moves relative to one another
Correlation measures range from what to what
It ranges from -1 to 1, where:
1 indicates a perfect positive linear relationship,
-1 indicates a perfect negative linear relationship, and
0 indicates no linear relationship.
how is beta calculated
Beta is calculated by regressing the returns of a security or portfolio against the returns of a market index (e.g., S&P 500). The slope of this regression line represents the beta.
What is VaR
The maximum loss the portfolio might experience within a specific time frame and confidence level.
What is Sharpe Ratio
The return of a portfolio versus the risk free rate. Sharpe Ratio measures the risk-adjusted return of an investment or portfolio by comparing the excess return (return above the risk-free rate) to the volatility of returns.
what is the difference between sharpe ratio and information ratio
Sharpe is vs risk free return and information ratio is vs a benchmark
What is the definition of Volatility
The extent to which the returns of the portfolio deviate from the average return.
How do you calculate volatility
Calculate the standard deviation of the portfolio’s historical returns to assess its volatility.
How do you measure downside capture in a portfolio of stocks
Step 1: Calculate the excess return of the portfolio and the benchmark during periods of negative benchmark returns (downside).
Step 2: Divide the portfolio’s excess return by the benchmark’s excess return during these periods.
Step 3: Multiply the result by 100 to express the downside capture as a percentage.
How do you interpret downside capture in a portfolio of stocks
A downside capture of less than 100% indicates that the portfolio tends to lose less than the benchmark during downturns, which is generally desirable for risk management. Conversely, a downside capture greater than 100% means the portfolio loses more than the benchmark during downturns.
what is the difference between correlation and covariance
Covariance measures how two variables change together, while correlation measures how closely two variables are related
What is a good sharpe ratio
A Sharpe ratio greater than 1 is considered acceptable, while ratios above 2 are often seen as very good.
What is a good value for an information ratio
greater than 0 is considered favorable, as it indicates that the portfolio is outperforming the benchmark on a risk-adjusted basis. Ratios above 0.5 or 1 are often considered strong
What is a p-value
indicates the significance of the observed differences
What is a signifcatn P-value
If the p-value is less than the chosen significance level (α), typically 0.05, it is considered statistically significant.
This suggests that the observed result is unlikely to have occurred by chance alone if the null hypothesis is true. In this case, the null hypothesis is often rejected in favor of an alternative hypothesis.
If the p-value is greater than the chosen significance level, it is not statistically significant.
This means that the observed result is likely to have occurred by chance, and there is insufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis.