Investment Decision Rule Flashcards
What is the investment decision?
Invest in assets that earn a return greater than the minimum acceptable hurdle rate
How do you calculate book rate of return?
Book rate of return = book income / book assets
Average income divided by average book value over project life
What does the book rate of return ignore?
The time value of money
What is the payback period?
Number of years before cumulative cash flow equals initial outlay
What is the payback rule?
Only accept projects that pay back within desired time frame
What does the payback period ignore?
Ignores later year cash flows and present value of future cash flows
How do you calculate the payback period?
= no. of years full recovery + (uncovered cost / cash flow in last year before full payback)
Look at slides for example
What is the net present value (NPV) of a project or investment?
The difference between the present value of its benefits and the required investment
How do you calculate the NPV?
NPVo = Co + PVo = Co + Sigma[Ct / (1 +r)^t]
What is the NPV rule?
Managers increase shareholders’ wealth by accepting all projects that are worth more than they cost. Therefore, managers should accept all projects with a positive net present value
What are mutually exclusive projects?
Taking one investment makes the other one redundant because they both serve the same purpose
How do you choose between mutually exclusive projects?
When choosing among mutually exclusive projects, calculate the NPV of each alternative and choose the highest positive-NPV project
What is the internal rate of return (IRR)?
The IRR of a project is the discount rate that makes the project’s NPV = 0
How do you calculate IRR?
0 = Co + [C1 / (1 + IRR)] + [C2 / (1 + IRR)^2] + …
What is the IRR rule?
Managers increase shareholders’ wealth by accepting all projects which offer an internal rate of return that is higher than the opportunity cost of capital (hurdle rate).
What is the opportunity cost of capital?
Expected rate of return (of the second-best investment alternative) given up by investing in a project
What is the only calculation we will be asked for IRR?
Only calculating IRR of a single cash flow
How do you decide what mutually exclusive project using IRR?
Choose the one with the highest IRR
What is the relationship between NPV and discount rate?
Inverse relationship
Will NPV and IRR yield consistent results?
For independent investments, YES
Unfortunately, for multiple especially mutually exclusive investments, NOT NECESSARILY
What are the cases where NPV and IRR can yield different choices? (4)
Borrowing vs. lending
Multiple IRR (e.g. projects with disposal cost)
Mutually exclusive projects: investments of different scale
Mutually exclusive projects: timing of cash flows
In the case of lending or borrowing, when do you accept the project?
NPV automatically gives the correct choice
Stick with NPV!
Borrowing when IRR is less than the opportunity cost
If the cost of borrowing is at 50%, when is the NPV of the loan positive?
The NPV of the loan is positive only if the cost of capital is > 50%.
When does multiple IRRs occur?
For cash flows with more than one change in sign, there will be more than one IRR or multiple IRRs.