Investment and Financial Management Flashcards

1
Q

Financial ratios are used to compare firms

A

from same industries

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2
Q

A firm’s income statement

A

is a record of the firm’s revenue, expense, and profit over a given period of time.
revenue: registra de una cuando se hizo la venta a pesar de que pagen en 30 dias

cash flow statement:
Record of the sources and uses of the firm’s cash over a given period of time. (incluye movimientos reales de dinero, sin importar cuando se genero la venta)

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3
Q

Share buybacks

A

recompra de acciones (no causa dilution)

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4
Q

EPS

A

OJO: net income/shares

EPS no es cuanto le dan a cada accionista, sino que mi net income fue de 1000 e.j y tengo repartir 10 acciones entonces cada accion genero 10 euros de ganancia.

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5
Q

diluted EPS (=mas equity issuance)

A

si al haber mas acciones y no generan mas ganancias, puede ser que me perjudique y me den menos dividendos

si se usa bien el dinero y generen mas ganancias puede ser que no me perjudique

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6
Q

DuPont Identity

A

-provides useful info about how a firm creates value for its shareholders
-ROE in terms of profitability, asset efficiency and leverage
-

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7
Q

interest expense

A

EBIT-net income

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8
Q

NPV

A

r<IRR>0</IRR>

npv es un numero no un porcentaje

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9
Q

NPV y R

A

npv is a decreasing function of r
porque a mayor r, menos npv

el IRR no da info sobre la sensibilidad de NPV

aunque no se encuentre IRR, igual puede ser profitable

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10
Q

IRR

A

para calcular IRR sacar NPV igualarlo a 0 y ver cuanto es r

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11
Q

Payback rule

A

cuanto se tarda en recuperar la inversion inicial, sin importar

-el valor del dinero en el tiempo
-ni costo de capital
-ni tasa de descuento

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12
Q

The profitability index

A

The profitability index is defined as value created divided by resources consumed.

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13
Q

Net Working Capital

A

Is defined as
cash, inventory, receivables-payables

(assets-liabilities)

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14
Q

Incremental Earnings

A

The amount by which the firm’s earnings are expected to change as a result of the firm’s investment decision.

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15
Q

The free cash flow

A

-can be calculated directly
-or indirectly by using info statement of cash flows

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16
Q

Free Cash Flow to the firm

A

cash available to all providers of a firms capital (common stockholders, bondsholders…)

Free Cash Flow to Equity
free cash flow available to a firms common stockholders

17
Q

Capital Budgeting

A
  • no se toma en cuenta interest expense
    (in order to evalute a project on its own and not how it is financed)

-interest expense si se toma en cuenta en cost of capital, en WACC

18
Q

Opportunity Cost

A

is the value that a resource could have provided in its best alternative use

19
Q

Depreciations

A

are a typical non-cash expense.

(por eso es que en FCF, FCFE se le suma la depreciacion, porque eso es non cash expense)

20
Q

EBIT

A

Ingresos (precioxunidad) - Costos literal todos los costos, operativos y extras - Depreciacion *se incluye la depreciacion de un año)

21
Q

Unlevered Net income

A

lo que ganaria el proyecto si fuera financiado 100% con capital propio (sin prestamos, sin intereses)

EBIT(1-Tc)
tc es tax rate

22
Q

CAPM

A

metodo para calcular equity cost of capital

23
Q

Systematic risk (beta) of the market portfolio

24
Q

equity to debt ratio: E/D

A

usar la formula de rwacc, fijar D en 1

25
market capitalization
precio de la accion * numero de acciones
26
market value of debt = calcular valor coupon bond
r = debt cost of capital
27
MM1 sin impuestos
en un mundo perfecto sin impuestos, la estructura de capital *cuanto de equity y cuanto de debt* no deberia de afectar el total value of a firm solo depende de los cash flows generated by its assets In a perfect capital market, the total value of a firm is equal to the market value of the total cash flows generated by its assets and is not affected by its choice of capital structure.
28
MM2 sin impuestos
mientras mas deuda, mas riesgo, entonces mas rE *porque el retorno que exigen los accionistas es mas alto*
29
MM con impuestos
cuando hay deuda una empresa vale mas The total value of the levered firm exceeds the value of the firm without leverage due to the present value of the tax savings from debt
30
When a firm uses debt, the interest tax shield increases available cash flows to its equity and debt investors
31
equity issuance
= emitir nueva acciones y venderlas a inversores lead to dilution in the price per share of a company
32
The general calculation formula for the future value of an annuity is derived following the idea of a geometric series.
33
nominal monthly interest rate of 0.1%
0.01% = r/12
34
Futures/Options
Basis = Spot Price - Futures price spot price: precio actual futures price: precio acordado para la entrega en el futuro at maturity date, la basis tiende a cero porque el precio futuro converge al spot Futures: exchange traded, estandar si el precio del futuro es menor al teorico, esta barato -vender, invertir, comprar en el futuro short DAX, long Forwards: OTC over the counter, bespoke(personalizado)
35
Call: Comprar *strike prize mio, underlying precio del mercado*
A call option is more expensive, the lower its strike price *porque uno esta comprando algo por menos, cuando en realidad deberia de ser mas* NO A call option is more expensive, the lower the volatility of the underlying.
36
Put: Vender
NO A put option is more expensive, the higher the price of the underlying. por que para que quiero vender algo barato sabiendo que en otro lado dan mas por el
37
Bonds
mas liquido=mayor precio YTM contrario bond (si uno sube el otro baja) tasa de descuento sube -> precio del bono baja tasa de descuento baja -> precio del bono sube
38
Macaulay Duration
es el punto donde la sensibilidad del precio del bono y el riesgo de reinversion se equilibran exactamente
39