Investigation Book 2014 Test Flashcards
PAGE 32
WHAT IS THE JOB OF THE CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATOR?
TO BRING DIFFERENT ASPECTS OF THE CRIME SCENE TOGETHER AND CREATE A “BIG PICTURE” OF WHAT OCCURED
page 31
LIST THE DIFFERENT COMPONENTS TO CONSIDER WHEN PREPARING TO PROCESS A CRIME SCENE.
ENTRY AND EXIT LOCATIONS OF THE PERPETRATOR;
POSSIBLE EVIDENCE OF FORCIBLE ENTRY;
THE LOCATION OF THE PRIMARY CRIMINAL ACT (E.G., THE ASSAULT, HOMICIDE, THEFT);
AND THE PRESENCE OF WEAPONS, BLOOD, SHELL CASINGS, ETC.
PAGE 32
WHAT SHOULD BE PROPERLY DONE BEFORE ANY OBJECTS ARE COLLECTED OR REMOVED, WITH THE EXCEPTION OF UNUSUAL CIRCUMSTANCES?
A) PROPERLY CLEAN THE AREA AROUND THE CRIME SCENE
B) PROPERLY SEARCH AND PINPOINT ALL THE EVIDENCE AT THE SCENE
C) ALL EVIDENCE AT THE SCENE IS PROPERLY RECORDED BEFORE ANY OBJECTS ARE COLLECTED OR REMOVED.
D) PROPERLY REMOVE ALL THE ITEMS THAT ARE NOT CONSIDERED AS EVIDENCE FROM THE CRIME SCENE
C) ALL EVIDENCE AT THE SCENE IS PROPERLY RECORDED BEFORE ANY OBJECTS ARE COLLECTED OR REMOVED.
PAGE 33
WHAT INITIALLY MAY BE THE MOST IMPORTANT STEP IN DOCUMENTING A CRIME SCENE?
NOTES (OFFICER’S “FIELD NOTES”)
THE ROLE OF FIELD NOTES
PAGE 33 (WHEN TO TAKE NOTES) WHEN DOES THE INVESTIGATIVE PROCESS BEGIN?
AS SOON AS AN OFFICER GETS A CALL TO THE SCENE OF A CRIME (ACCORDINGLY, THE NOTE-TAKING PROCESS ALSO BEGINS AT THIS TIME)
PAGE 33 {WHAT TO WRITE DOWN}
MOST INFORMATION CAN BE LEARNED FROM AN ENCOUNTER WITH A WITNESS OR VICTIM WITH THE ANSWERS TO WHAT QUESTIONS?
WHO, WHAT, WHEN, WHERE, WHY, AND HOW
PAGE 36 {PUTTING FIELD NOTES TO WORK}
NOTES ARE ONLY A MEANS TO AID AN INVESTIGATOR’S RECALL AT THE TIME TO PREPARE THE OFFICIAL DETAILED REPORT, HOWEVER, WHO MUST THE OFFICER BE PREPARED TO TURN HIS NOTES OVER TO IF REQUIRED TO DO SO WHEN TESTIFYING IN COURT?
DEFENSE COUNSEL
{WHICH IS WHY YOU SHOULD NOT WRITE “NIKO LAHOOD SNORTS COKE AND WILL NEVER REPLACE THE ALCOHOLIC DA” ON EVERY OTHER PAGE}
PAGE 37 {USING FIELD NOTES IN THE COURTROOM}
AS A PROVISION OF THE “BEST EVIDENCE RULE”, WHAT CASE FROM 1933, STATED THE ORIGINAL NOTES MUST BE PROVIDED IN COURT WHENEVER POSSIBLE?
CHEADLE V. BARWELL
as a provision of the “BEST EVIDENCE RULE”
PAGE 37 {USING FIELD NOTES IN THE COURTROOM}
IN THE EVENT THAT ORIGINAL NOTES CANNOT BE LOCATED, WHAT CASE ALLOWED DUPLICATE OR COPIED NOTES TO BE USED COURT PURSUANT TO A REASONABLE EXPLANATION TO THE COURT?
ARENSON V. JACKSON, 1916
PAGE 472 (FINANCIAL LOSS) WHO ARE AMONG THE PRINCIPAL FEDERAL ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES THAT SHARE JURISDICTION FOR THE INVESTIGATION OF CRIMES INVOLVING IDENTITY THEFT? A) THE U.S. SECRET SERVICE B) THE U.S. POSTAL INSPECTION SERVICE C) THE FBI D) ALL OF THE ABOVE
D) ALL THE ABOVE
{THE U.S. SECRET SERVICE, THE U.S. POSTAL INSPECTION SERVICE, AND THE FBI ARE AMONG THE PRINCIPAL FEDERAL ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES THAT SHARE JURISDICTION FOR INVESTIGATION OF THESE CRIMES.
(CHAPTER 9 PAGE 275 & PAGE 281)
TYPICALLY, DEATHS ARE PLACED IN ONE OF FIVE CATEGORIES. LIST THE FIVE CATEGORIES OF DEATH:
The CATEGORIES of death are NATURAL, ACCIDENTAL, HOMICIDE, SUICIDE and UNDETERMINED.
NATURAL, SUICIDE, OR HOMICIDE are what INVESTIGATORS must IDENTIFY a DEATH as.
MODES of DEATH are NATURAL, SUICIDE, ACCIDENTAL, and MURDER.
(PAGE 275 CH 9)
WHICH MODE OF DEATH IS ASSOCIATED WITH DROWNING, FALLING, AUTOMOBILE WRECKS, AND ACCIDENTAL DRUG OVERDOSE?
A) MURDER
B) ACCIDENTAL DEATH
C) NATURAL DEATH
D) SUICIDE
B) ACCIDENTAL DEATH
The CATEGORIES of death are NATURAL, ACCIDENTAL, HOMICIDE, SUICIDE and UNDETERMINED.
NATURAL, SUICIDE, OR HOMICIDE are what INVESTIGATORS must IDENTIFY a DEATH as.
MODES of DEATH are NATURAL, SUICIDE, ACCIDENTAL, and MURDER.
(PAGE 279 CH#9)
WHICH MODE OF DEATHS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH HEART ATTACK, STROKE, DISEASE, AND OLD AGE?
A) UNDETERMINED
B) SUICIDE
C) NATURAL
D) HOMICIDE
C) NATURAL
The CATEGORIES of death are NATURAL, ACCIDENTAL, HOMICIDE, SUICIDE and UNDETERMINED.
NATURAL, SUICIDE, OR HOMICIDE are what INVESTIGATORS must IDENTIFY a DEATH as.
MODES of DEATH are NATURAL, SUICIDE, ACCIDENTAL, and MURDER.
(CHAPT 9 / PAGE 275)
WHAT MODE OF DEATHS INCLUDE SELF-INFLICTED METHODS SUCH AS STABBING, SHOOTING, DRUG OVERDOSE, AND CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING?
A) MURDER
B) HOMICIDE
C) ACCIDENTAL
D) SUICIDE
D) SUICIDE
The CATEGORIES of death are NATURAL, ACCIDENTAL, HOMICIDE, SUICIDE and UNDETERMINED.
NATURAL, SUICIDE, OR HOMICIDE are what INVESTIGATORS must IDENTIFY a DEATH as.
MODES of DEATH are NATURAL, SUICIDE, ACCIDENTAL, and MURDER.
(CHAP 9 / PAGE 276)
WHICH MODE OF DEATH IS WHERE ONE PERSON INTENTIONALLY CAUSES ANOTHER PERSON TO DIE?
A) HOMICIDE
B) SUICIDE
C) MURDER
D) MANSLAUGHTER
C) MURDER
The CATEGORIES of death are NATURAL, ACCIDENTAL, HOMICIDE, SUICIDE and UNDETERMINED.
NATURAL, SUICIDE, OR HOMICIDE are what INVESTIGATORS must IDENTIFY a DEATH as.
MODES of DEATH are NATURAL, SUICIDE, ACCIDENTAL, and MURDER.
CHAP 9 / PAGE 274
WHAT IS DEFINED IN THE UNIFORM CRIME REPORTING (UCR) PROGRAM AS THE WILLFUL (NON-NEGLIGENT) KILLING OF ONE HUMAN BEING BY ANOTHER?
A) MURDER AND NON-NEGLIGENT MANSLAUGHTER
B) SUICIDE AND JUSTIFIABLE HOMICIDE
C) DEATHS CAUSED BY NEGLIGENCE AND ACCIDENTAL DEATHS
D) HOMICIDE AND INVOLUNTARY MANSLAUGHTER
A) MURDER AND NON-NEGLIGENT MANSLAUGHTER
CHAPT 9 PAGE 278
A PERSON COMMITS THIS CRIME IF HE OR SHE KNOWINGLY CAUSES THE DEATH OF ANOTHER AFTER DELIBERATION ON THE MATTER
A) HOMICIDE
B) MANSLAUGHTER
C) FIRST DEGREE MURDER
D) SECOND DEGREE MURDER
C) FIRST DEGREE MURDER
ALSO KNOWN AS PREMEDITATED MURDER
CHAPT 9 PAGE 278
A PERSON COMMITS THIS CRIME IF HE OR SHE KNOWINGLY CAUSES THE DEATH OF ANOTHER PERSON WHILE COMMITTING A CRIMINAL ACT AND NOT UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF SUDDEN PASSION.
A) INVOLUNTARY MANSLAUGHTER
B) VOLUNTARY MANSLAUGHTER
C) FIRST DEGREE MURDER
D) SECOND DEGREE MURDER
D) SECOND DEGREE MURDER
CHAPT 9 PAGE 278
A PERSON COMMITS THIS CRIME IF HE OR SHE RECKLESSLY CAUSES ANOTHER PERSONS DEATH
A) INVOLUNTARY MANSLAUGHTER
B) NEGLIGENT HOMICIDE
C) FIRST DEGREE MURDER
D) SECOND DEGREE MANSLAUGHTER
A) INVOLUNTARY MANSLAUGHTER
CHAPT 9 PAGE 278
A PERSON COMMITS THIS CRIME IF HE OR SHE CAUSES THE DEATH OF ANOTHER PERSON BY BEING CERTAIN OF TAKING THE VICTIM’S LIFE AND ACTING “IN THE HEAT OF PASSION”.
A) INVOLUNTARY MANSLAUGHTER
B) NEGLIGENT HOMICIDE
C) VOLUNTARY MANSLAUGHTER
D) SECOND DEGREE MANSLAUGHTER
C) VOLUNTARY MANSLAUGHTER
“WITHOUT PREMEDITATION OR “COOL REFLECTION” ABOUT THE INCIDENT
NOT CHOKING THE BITCH DURING SEX BECAUSE SHE LIKES IT AND CAUSING HER DEATH. —-THATS AN ACCIDENTAL DEATH—-UNLESS ITS PREMEDITATED—MEANING YOU PLANNED TO KILL HER DURING SEX. (THIS IS USUALLY DETERMINED BY HOW MUCH MONEY YOU HAVE AND “WHO YOU ARE” {E.G. “MR. KENNEDY”}
(PAGE 274 / CHPT 9)
WHICH MURDERS INVOLVE KILLINGS AT TWO OR MORE LOCATIONS WITH ALMOST NO TIME BREAK BETWEEN MURDERS?
A) MASS MURDERS
B) KILLING “SPREES”
C) SERIAL MURDERS
D) TERRORISTIC MURDERS
B) KILLING SPREES
SPREES = TWO OR MORE LOCATIONS + NO TIME BREAK
(PAGE 274 / CHPT 9)
WHICH MURDERS INVOLVE THE KILLING OF FOUR OR MORE VICTIMS AT ONE LOCATION, WITHIN ONE EVENT?
A) MASS MURDERS
B) KILLING “SPREES”
C) SERIAL MURDERS
D) TERRORISTIC MURDERS
A) MASS MURDERS
MASS MURDER = 4 OR MORE + 1 LOCATION
(PAGE 274 / CHPT 9)
WHICH MURDERS INVOLVE THE KILLING OF SEVERAL VICTIMS IN THREE OR MORE SEPARATE EVENTS AND HAPPENS OVER TIME, DAYS, MONTHS, OR EVEN YEARS MAY LAPSE BETWEEN KILLINGS?
A) MASS MURDERS
B) KILLING “SPREES”
C) SERIAL MURDERS
D) TERRORISTIC MURDERS
C) SERIAL MURDERS
SERIAL = SEVERAL + 3 OR MORE SEPARATE EVENTS + OVER TIME
(PAGE 45-46 CHAP 2)
HOW SHOULD “CLOSE UP” PHOTOS BE TAKEN?
A) AT A DISTANCE GREATER THAN 5 FEET USING THE ZOOM FEATURE, WITH AND WITHOUT A SMALL RULER OR OTHER ITEM TO PROVIDE PERSPECTIVE
B) AT A DISTANCE OF LESS THAN 5 FEET USING THE ZOOM FEATURE, WITH AND WITHOUT A SMALL RULER OR OTHER ITEM TO PROVIDE PERSPECTIVE
C) AT A DISTANCE OF LESS THAN 5 FEET USING THE ZOOM FEATURE, WITH A SMALL RULER OR OTHER ITEM TO PROVIDE PERSPECTIVE
D) AT A DISTANCE GREATER THAN 5 FEET USING THE ZOOM FEATURE, WITH A SMALL RULER OR OTHER ITEM TO PROVIDE PERSPECTIVE
B) AT A DISTANCE OF LESS THAN 5 FEET USING THE ZOOM FEATURE, WITH AND WITHOUT A SMALL RULER OR OTHER ITEM TO PROVIDE PERSPECTIVE
CLOSE-UP VIEWS
WHAT PHOTOGRAPH STAGE IS TAKEN AT A DISTANCE NO GREATER THAN 20 FEET AWAY FROM THE SUBJECT OR ITEM BEING PHOTOGRAPHED?
A) CLOSE-UP VIEWS
B) GENERAL VIEWS
C) MEDIUM-RANGE VIEWS
D) ANGLE VIEWS
C) MEDIUM-RANGE VIEWS
WHAT PHOTOGRAPH STAGE IS A SWEEPING VIEW OF THE CRIME SCENE AREA TO DEMONSTRATE WHAT THE SCENE LOOKS LIKE IN ITS OWN ENVIRONMENT?
A) CLOSE-UP VIEWS
B) GENERAL VIEWS
C) MEDIUM-RANGE VIEWS
D) ANGLE VIEWS
B) GENERAL VIEWS
(PAGE 44 / CHAPTER 2)
WHAT THE FUCK IS A “SUPER ORIGINAL”?
A) THE SD CARD FROM A DIGITAL CAMERA HOLDS A “SUPER ORIGINAL”
B) A NEGATIVE
C) THE FIRST COPY MADE FROM THE DIGITAL CAMERA
D) THE FIRST COPY MADE FROM THE NEGATIVE OF A 35MM CAMERA
B) A NEGATIVE
“AT A MINIMUM, IT INDICATES OFFICIAL RECOGNITION THAT THERE IS (OR WAS) A NEGATIVE - A “SUPER ORIGINAL,” WHICH, IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE “LAW OF PHYSICS”, MUST BEAR SOME LOGICAL RELATIONSHIP TO ANY DUPLICATES…. (I’LL BET YOU, JACK-ASS SAID THIS IN COURT, AGAINST A DETECTIVE OR CSI, TESTIFYING ABOUT THE LOSS OF A NEGATIVE AND ITS GREAT IMPORTANCE)
(PAGE 43 CHPT 2)
WHY ARE PHOTOGRAPHS AND SKETCHES NECESSARY IN CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONS?
A) TO MAKE MORE WORK FOR THE DETECTIVE OR CSI
B) SKETCHES MAY DISTORT DISTANCE, COLOR, AND SO ON.
C) PHOTOS MAY DISTORT DISTANCE, COLOR, AND SO ON.
D) “A PICTURE IS WORTH A THOUSAND WORDS”
C) PHOTOS MAY DISTORT DISTANCE, COLOR, AND SO ON.
(PAGE 40)
WHAT IS ALSO CALLED THE FACE SHEET OR INITIAL PAGE AND DEPICTS AN “AT-A-GLANCE” SUMMARY OF THE INVESTIGATION?
A) THE INITIAL COMPLAINT
B) THE FRONT PAGE
C) THE ELEMENTS OF THE REPORT
D) THE DOCUMENTED INTERVIEW
A) THE INITIAL COMPLAINT
PAGE 36
THESE ARE USED WHEN PATROL OFFICERS HAPPEN ON PEOPLE OR CIRCUMSTANCES THAT APPEAR SUSPICIOUS BUT THERE IS NOT SUFFICIENT CAUSE FOR ARREST.
A) YELLOW SHEET (Y1 SHEET)
B) SUSPICIOUS INTERVIEW CARD (SI CARD)
C) FIELD INTERVIEW CARD (FI CARDS)
D) FIELD NOTES (FN NOTES)
C) FIELD INTERVIEW CARD (FI CARDS)
ch 9 / pg 307
A _________ REFERS TO A CRIME OR AN ACCIDENT THAT HAS NOT YET BEEN SOLVED, AND IS NOT THE SUBJECT OF A RECENT CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION BUT FOR WHICH NEW INFORMATION COULD POSSIBLY MATERIALIZE FROM NEW WITNESS TESTIMONY, REEXAMINED DOCUMENTS, OR NEW ACTIVITIES OF THE SUSPECT.
A) RECONSTRUCTION OF AN OLD CASE
B) COLD FILE
C) COLD CASE
D) HOT PURSUIT
C) COLD CASE
CH 9 / PG 306
IT IS ESTIMATED THE ____ TO _____ PERCENT OF SUICIDES ARE ACCOMPANIED BY A NOTE.
A) 2 TO 10 %
B) 12 TO 20 %
C) 42 TO 50 %
D) 62 TO 80 %
B) 12 TO 20 %
CHAP 9 PAGE 305
________ CAN BE DEFINED AS THE DELIBERATE TAKING OF ONE’S OWN LIFE.
A) SUICIDE
B) HOMICIDE
C) SELF-INFLICTED DEATH
D) AUTOEROTIC DEATH
A) SUICIDE
PAGE 305/ CHAP 9
___________ ARE USED IN MORE SUICIDES THAN HOMICIDES.
A) CUTTING OR STABBING WEAPONS
B) BLUNT-FORCE WEAPONS
C) FIREARMS
D) DEATH BY ASPHYXIA (STRANGULATION)
C) FIREARMS
CHAPT 9 / PAGE 274
INVESTIGATORS MUST SEARCH FOR CLUES THAT IDENTIFY A DEATH AS _________, _________, OR __________.
A) NATURAL, SUICIDE, OR HOMICIDE
B) ACCIDENTAL, SUICIDE, OR HOMICIDE
C) NATURAL, ACCIDENTAL, OR HOMICIDE
D) HOMICIDE, ACCIDENTAL, OR UNDETERMINED
A) NATURAL, SUICIDE, OR HOMICIDE
MODES of DEATH are NATURAL, SUICIDE, ACCIDENTAL, and MURDER.
The CATEGORIES of death are NATURAL, SUICIDE, ACCIDENTAL, HOMICIDE, AND UNDETERMINED.
PAGE 304 - 305 CHAPT 9
___________ REPRESENTS ONE OF THE MOST BIZARRE AND COMPLEX CRIME SCENES OF ALL AND IS A ___________.
A) AUTOEROTIC DEATH - SUICIDE
B) AUTOEROTIC DEATH - ACCIDENTAL DEATH
C) SUICIDE - HOMICIDE
D) ACCIDENTAL DEATH - MANSLAUGHTER
B) AUTOEROTIC DEATH - ACCIDENTAL DEATH
PAGE 302 / CH 9
__________ IS THE MURDER OF SEPARATE VICTIMS WITH TIME BREAKS AS SHORT AS TWO DAYS TO AS MUCH AS WEEKS OR EVEN MONTHS BETWEEN VICTIMS.
A) SERIAL MURDER
B) MASS MURDER
C) SENSATIONAL MURDER
D) SPREE MURDER
A) SERIAL MURDER
PAGE 302 / CH 9
__________ CONSIST OF FOUR OR MORE MURDERS IN A SINGLE INCIDENT WITHIN A SHORT SPAN OF TIME.
A) SERIAL MURDER
B) MASS MURDER
C) SENSATIONAL MURDER
D) SPREE MURDER
B) MASS MURDER
PAGE 302 / CH 9
__________ IS MURDER THAT AROUSES PUBLIC INTEREST, OFTEN ASSOCIATED WITH INSTANCES OF TORTURE AND VIOLENCE, AND OFTEN INVOLVE SOME TYPE OF PSYCHOTIC MOTIVATION.
A) SERIAL MURDER
B) MASS MURDER
C) SENSATIONAL MURDER
D) SPREE MURDER
C) SENSATIONAL MURDER
PAGE 302 / CH 9
__________ IS KILLING IN A RAMPAGE FASHION.
A) SERIAL MURDER
B) MASS MURDER
C) SENSATIONAL MURDER
D) SPREE MURDER
D) SPREE MURDER
DEFINED AS THAT WHICH IS COMMITTED WHEN SOMEONE EMBARKS ON A MURDEROUS ASSAULT ON HIS OR HER VICTIMS (TWO OR MORE) IN A SHORT TIME IN MULTIPLE LOCATIONS. “KILLINGS AT TWO OR MORE LOCATIONS WITH ALMOST NO TIME BREAK BETWEEN MURDERS.”
PAGE 302 CHAP 9 ACCORDING TO THE FBI, THE LACK OF A \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ MARKS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A SPREE MURDER AND A SERIAL MURDER A) COOLING OFF PERIOD B) ACCOMPLICE C) SECOND VICTIM D) SECOND LOCATION
A) COOLING OFF PERIOD
SPREE MURDER = 2 OR MORE MURDERS + AN OFFENDER OR OFFENDERS - WITHOUT A COOLING OFF PERIOD FBI
PAGE 282 CH 9
WHAT STAGE OF DECOMPOSITION OCCURS DURING THE FIRST FEW DAYS AFTER DEATH?
A) THE NECROPHILIA'S STAGE B) THE PUTREFACTION STAGE C) THE BUTYRIC FERMENTATION STAGE D) THE FRESH STAGE E) THE BLACK PUTREFACTION STAGE F) THE DRY DECAY STAGE
D) THE FRESH STAGE
CH 10 / PG 327
IN GENERAL WHEN DO MOST STREET ROBBERIES OCCUR?
A) ON WEEK-DAYS
B) ON HOLIDAYS
C) ON WEEKENDS
D) ON CHANUKAH
C) ON WEEKENDS
PAGE 318
WHAT IS DEFINED AS THE THEFT OR ATTEMPTED THEFT, IN A DIRECT CONFRONTATION WITH THE VICTIM, BY FORCE OR THE THREAT OF FORCE OR VIOLENCE?
A) AGGRAVATED THEFT
B) THEFT OF AN INDIVIDUAL
C) ROBBERY
D) BURGLARY
C) ROBBERY
PAGE 318
WHAT CRIME IS REFLECTED IN THE VERNACULAR EXPRESSION FOR THE CRIME, INCLUDING SUCH TERMS AS “HOLDUPS, MUGGINGS, AND STICKUPS”?
A) PURSE-SNATCHING B) THEFT OF AN INDIVIDUAL C) SHOPLIFTING D) ROBBERY E) BURGLARY
D) ROBBERY
PAGE 318
WHAT CRIME IS DEFINED BY THE UCR PROGRAM AS THE TAKING OR ATTEMPTING TO TAKE ANYTHING OF VALUE FROM THE CARE, CUSTODY, OR CONTROL OF A PERSON OR PERSONS BY FORCE OR THREAT OF FORCE OR VIOLENCE OR PUTTING THE VICTIM IN FEAR?
A) THEFT OF PROSTITUTION SERVICES
B) ROBBERY
C) BURGLARY
D) THEFT
B) ROBBERY
CHAPT 10 / PAGE 320
When do commercial robberies typically occur
A) During a gay pride rally
B) At the beginning of football season
C) On a Wednesday
D) At the end of the workweek during the evening and very early morning hours.
D) At the end of the workweek during the evening and very early morning hours.
PAGE 320
WHAT ARE THE FIVE ROBBERY PATTERNS EXPLAINED BY MCCLINTOCK AND GIBSON IN LONDON?
A) ROBBERY OF PERSONS, ROBBERY IN OPEN AREAS, ROBBERY ON PRIVATE PREMISES, ROBBERY AFTER PRELIMINARY OCCURRENCE, ROBBERY AFTER PRELIMINARY MEETING IN THE BAR.
B) ROBBERY OF PERSONS, ROBBERY IN OPEN AREAS, ROBBERY ON PRIVATE PREMISES, ROBBERY AFTER PRELIMINARY OCCURRENCE, ROBBERY AFTER PREVIOUS ASSOCIATION OF SOME DURATION BETWEEN VICTIM AND OFFENDER.
C) ROBBERY OF PERSONS EMPLOYED IN POSITIONS PLACING THEM IN CHARGE OF MONEY OR GOODS, ROBBERY IN OPEN AREAS, ROBBERY ON PRIVATE PREMISES, ROBBERY AFTER PRELIMINARY ASSOCIATION OF SHORT DURATION, ROBBERY AFTER PREVIOUS ASSOCIATION OF SOME DURATION BETWEEN VICTIM AND OFFENDER.
D) ROBBERY OF PERSONS EMPLOYED IN PROSTITUTION OR DRUG SALES, ROBBERY IN OPEN AREAS, ROBBERY ON PRIVATE PREMISES, ROBBERY AFTER PRELIMINARY ASSOCIATION OF SHORT DURATION, ROBBERY AFTER PREVIOUS ASSOCIATION OF SOME DURATION BETWEEN VICTIM AND OFFENDER.
C) ROBBERY OF PERSONS EMPLOYED IN POSITIONS PLACING THEM IN CHARGE OF MONEY OR GOODS, ROBBERY IN OPEN AREAS, ROBBERY ON PRIVATE PREMISES, ROBBERY AFTER PRELIMINARY ASSOCIATION OF SHORT DURATION, ROBBERY AFTER PREVIOUS ASSOCIATION OF SOME DURATION BETWEEN VICTIM AND OFFENDER.
PAGE 282 CH 9
WHAT STAGE OF DECOMPOSITION CONSISTS OF THE BODY ENTERING “ALGOR MORTIS”?
A) THE NECROPHILIA'S STAGE B) THE PUTREFACTION STAGE C) THE BUTYRIC FERMENTATION STAGE D) THE FRESH STAGE E) THE BLACK PUTREFACTION STAGE F) THE DRY DECAY STAGE
D) THE FRESH STAGE
PAGE 282 CH 9
_____________ MEANS THE COOLING OF THE BODY’S TEMPERATURE TO THAT OF ITS SURROUNDINGS.
A) NECROPHILIA MORTIS B) PUTREFACTION MORTIS C) COOLING AUTOLYSIS D) ALGOR MORTIS F) BODY CORE TEMPERATURE ENVIRONMENTAL BALANCE
D) ALGOR MORTIS
PAGE 282 CH 9
_______ MEANS THE DESTRUCTION OF CELLS AND ORGANS DUE TO AN ASEPTIC CHEMICAL PROCESS.
A) ALGOR NECROPHILIA MORTIS B) ALGOR MORTIS C) AUTOLYSIS D) PHOTOSYNTHESIS E) INSECT INFESTATION F) DIPTERA
C) AUTOLYSIS
PAGE 282 CH 9
________ MEANS THE ATTRACTION OF A VARIETY OF INSECTS THAT BEGIN TO LAY THEIR EGGS ON THE BODY.
A) CALLIPHORIDAE NECROPHILIA B) INSECT INFESTATION C) BUTYRIC D) DIPTERA E) ALGOR MORTIS F) AUTOLYSIS
D) DIPTERA
*ESPECIALLY MEMBERS OF THE CALLIPHORIDAE FAMILY OF INSECTS
PAGE 282 CH 9
WHAT STAGE OF DECOMPOSITION CONTAINS THE START OF DIPTERA, THE PROCESS OF AUTOLYSIS, AND THE BODY ENTERS ALGOR MORTIS?
A) THE NECROPHILIA'S STAGE B) THE PUTREFACTION STAGE C) THE BUTYRIC FERMENTATION STAGE D) THE FRESH STAGE E) THE BLACK PUTREFACTION STAGE F) THE DRY DECAY STAGE
D) THE FRESH STAGE
STAGE 1
PAGE 282 CH 9
WHAT STAGE OF DECOMPOSITION INVOLVES ODOR, COLOR CHANGES, LOWER PART OF THE ABDOMEN TURNS GREEN, AND BLOATING OF THE BODY, THE FORMATION OF GASES ENTER THE ABDOMEN, THE NECK AND FACE - CAUSING SWELLING OF THE MOUTH, LIPS, AND TOUNGUE?
A) THE NECROPHILIA'S STAGE B) THE PUTREFACTION STAGE C) THE BUTYRIC FERMENTATION STAGE D) THE FRESH STAGE E) THE BLACK PUTREFACTION STAGE F) THE DRY DECAY STAGE
B) THE PUTREFACTION STAGE
PAGE 282 CH 9
WHAT STAGE OF DECOMPOSITION DOES HEMOLYZE OCCURE, THE FORMATION OF RED STREAKS ALONG THE VEINS BY BACTERIAL ENTERING THE VENOUS SYSTEM?
A) THE NECROPHILIA'S STAGE B) THE PUTREFACTION STAGE C) THE BUTYRIC FERMENTATION STAGE D) THE FRESH STAGE E) THE BLACK PUTREFACTION STAGE F) THE DRY DECAY STAGE
B) THE PUTREFACTION STAGE
PAGE 282 CH 9
WHAT STAGE OF DECOMPOSITION DOES MARBELIZATION OCCUR AND WHAT DOES MARBELIZATION MEAN?
A) THE NECROPHILIA’S STAGE ; THE FORMATION OF GASES WHICH FORCES LIQUIDS AND FECES OUT OF THE BODY
B) THE PUTREFACTION STAGE ; THE FORMATION OF RED STREAKS ALONG THE VEINS
C) THE PUTREFACTION STAGE ; RED STREAKS ALONG THE VEINS CHANGES COLOR TO GREEN
D) THE PUTREFACTION STAGE ; THE HARDENING OF THE VEINS
E) THE BLACK PUTREFACTION STAGE ; BACTERIA CAUSING MUMMIFICATION, THE SKIN TO HARDEN AND BECOME FRAGILE
F) THE DRY DECAY STAGE ; THE MUMMIFICATION ENDS AND SKELETONIZATION BEGINS
C) THE PUTREFACTION STAGE ; RED STREAKS ALONG THE VEINS CHANGES COLOR TO GREEN
PAGE 282 CH 9
WHAT STAGE OF DECOMPOSITION IS ALSO KNOWN AS THE “BLOATING STAGE”?
A) THE NECROPHILIA'S STAGE B) THE PUTREFACTION STAGE C) THE BUTYRIC FERMENTATION STAGE D) THE FRESH STAGE E) THE BLACK PUTREFACTION STAGE F) THE DRY DECAY STAGE
B) THE PUTREFACTION STAGE
STAGE 2
PAGE 282 CH 9
WHAT STAGE OF DECOMPOSITION OCCURS WHEN THE BODY CAVITY RUPTURES, THE ABDOMINAL GASES ESCAPE, AND THE BODY DARKENS FROM ITS GREENISH COLOR. THIS STAGE ENDS ANYWHERE FROM *10 TO *20 DAYS AFTER DEATH DEPENDING ON THE REGION AND TEMPERATURE.
A) THE NECROPHILIA'S STAGE B) THE PUTREFACTION STAGE C) THE BUTYRIC FERMENTATION STAGE D) THE FRESH STAGE E) THE BLACK PUTREFACTION STAGE F) THE DRY DECAY STAGE
E) THE BLACK PUTREFACTION STAGE
STAGE 3
PAGE 282 CH 9
WHAT STAGE OF DECOMPOSITION ENDS AS THE BONES BECOME APPARENT?
A) THE NECROPHILIA'S STAGE B) THE PUTREFACTION STAGE C) THE BUTYRIC FERMENTATION STAGE D) THE FRESH STAGE E) THE BLACK PUTREFACTION STAGE F) THE DRY DECAY STAGE
E) THE BLACK PUTREFACTION STAGE
PAGE 283
WHEN HOUSEFLIES DEPOSIT EGGS ON THE REMAINS OF A CORPSE, USUALLY IN THE AREA OF THE EYES, MOUTH, NOSTRILS, AND WOUNDS, WHAT IS THE TYPICAL TIME SPAN FOR THE HATCHING OF THE MAGGOT THAT FEEDS ON THE BODY?
A) 6 HOURS B) 12 HOURS C) 24 HOURS D) 48 HOURS E) 72 HOURS
C) 24 HOURS
PAGE 282 CH 9
WHAT STAGE OF DECOMPOSITION IS AFTER HE EARLY PUTREFACTION AND BLACK PUTREFACTION PHASES HAVE TAKEN PLACE, AND THE BODY BEGINS MUMMIFICATION, IN WHICH THE BODY BEGINS TO DRY OUT?
A) THE NECROPHILIA'S STAGE B) THE PUTREFACTION STAGE C) THE BUTYRIC FERMENTATION STAGE D) THE FRESH STAGE E) THE BLACK PUTREFACTION STAGE F) THE DRY DECAY STAGE
C) THE BUTYRIC FERMENTATION STAGE
STAGE 4
PAGE 283
WHAT IS THE RECOMMENDED PROCEDURE FOR ALL INSECTS THAT ARE COLLECTED FOR THE PURPOSE OF EXAMINATION BY A ENTOMOLOGIST?
A) PLACED INTO A GLASS JAR
B) PHOTOGRAPH THE INSECT
C) CAPTURE THE INSECTS ON FLY, STICKY PAPER
D) PLACE INTO ALCOHOL FOR PRESERVATION
E) PLACE INTO FORMALDEHYDE FOR PRESERVATION
D) PLACE INTO ALCOHOL FOR PRESERVATION
PAGE 284
__________ (GRAVE WAX) FORMATION IS THE LOSS OF BODY ODOR AND THE FORMATION OF A CHEESY APPEARANCE ON THE CADAVER.
A) PENICILLIN B) ADIPOCERE C) PEDICURE E) AUTOLYSIS F) ALGOR MORTIS G) DIPTERA H) HEMOLYZE I) MARBELIZATION
B) ADIPOCERE
PAGE 282 CH 9
WHAT STAGE OF DECOMPOSITION OCCURS WHEN THE LAST OF THE SOFT TISSUE HAS BEEN REMOVED FROM THE BODY AND SKELETONIZATION OCCURS?
A) THE NECROPHILIA'S STAGE B) THE PUTREFACTION STAGE C) THE BUTYRIC FERMENTATION STAGE D) THE FRESH STAGE E) THE BLACK PUTREFACTION STAGE F) THE DRY DECAY STAGE
F) THE DRY DECAY STAGE
STAGE 5 - THE FINAL STAGE
PAGE 282 CH 9
WHAT STAGE OF DECOMPOSITION IS THE LONGEST OF THE DECOMPOSITION PROCESS?
A) THE NECROPHILIA'S STAGE B) THE PUTREFACTION STAGE C) THE BUTYRIC FERMENTATION STAGE D) THE FRESH STAGE E) THE BLACK PUTREFACTION STAGE F) THE DRY DECAY STAGE
THE DRY DECAY STAGE
THE STAGE ENCOMPASSES THE DETERIORATION OF THE SKELETAL REMAINS
PAGE 284
CHANGES TO SKELETAL REMAINS IS KNOWN AS ________.
A) BONE DIAGENESIS B) BONE ADIPOCERE C) BONE PEDICURE D) BONE MORTIS E) SKELETAL AUTOLYSIS F) ALGOR MORTIS G) SKELETAL DIPTERA H) BONE HEMOLYZE
A) BONE DIAGENESIS
PAGE 284
_________ STUDIES THE CLUES TO THE CAUSE OF DEATH FOUND IN THE CORPSE AS A MEDICAL PHENOMENON.
A) FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY
B) FORENSIC PATHOLOGY
C) FORENSIC ENTOMOLOGY
D) FORENSIC NECROPHOLOGY
B) FORENSIC PATHOLOGY
PAGE 284
_________ is the branch of physical anthropology that studies skeletons and human remains, usually to seek clues as to the identity, race, and sex of their former owner.
A) FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY
B) FORENSIC PATHOLOGY
C) FORENSIC ENTOMOLOGY
D) FORENSIC NECROPHOLOGY
A) FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY
PAGE 284
_________ STUDIES THE INSECTS AND OTHER VERMIN FOUND IN CORPSES; THE SEQUENCE IN WHICH THEY APPEAR, THE KINDS OF INSECTS, AND WHERE THEY ARE FOUND IN THEIR LIFE CYCLE ARE CLUES THAT CAN SHED LIGHT ON THE TIME OF DEATH, THE LENGTH OF THE CORPSE’S EXPOSURE, AND WHETHER THE CORPSE WAS MOVED.
A) FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY
B) FORENSIC PATHOLOGY
C) FORENSIC ENTOMOLOGY
D) FORENSIC NECROPHOLOGY
C) FORENSIC ENTOMOLOGY
PAGE 284
THE UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE, IN KNOXVILLE, HAS A NUMBER OF BODIES LAID OUT AT THE ANTHROPOLOGICAL RESEARCH FACILITY, WHICH IS BETTER KNOWN AS WHAT?
A) THE “BODY FARM”
B) THE “NECROPHILIA’S PARADISE”
C) THE “CORPSE FARM”
D) THE “DEAD ZONE”
A) THE “BODY FARM”
PAGE 284
THE RATE AND MANNER OF DECOMPOSITION IN AN ANIMAL BODY ARE STRONGLY AFFECTED BY A NUMBER OF FACTORS. PICK THE LIST OF DECOMPOSITION FACTORS IN ROUGHLY DESCENDING DEGREES OF IMPORTANCE.
A) FOODS AND OBJECTS INSIDE THE SPECIMEN’S DIGESTIVE TRACT (BACON OPPOSED TO LETTUCE), BODY SIZE AND WEIGHT, CLOTHING, THE AVAILABILITY OF OXYGEN
B) ACCESS BY SCAVENGERS, RAINFALL, THE SURFACE ON WHICH THE BODY RESTS, RAINFALL, CAUSE OF DEATH
C) TEMPERATURE, THE AVAILABILITY OF OXYGEN, PRIOR EMBALMING, CAUSE OF DEATH
D) BURIAL AND DEPTH OF BURIAL, TRAUMA, INCLUDING WOUNDS AND CRUSHING BLOWS, HUMIDITY OR WETNESS, TEMPERATURE
C) TEMPERATURE, THE AVAILABILITY OF OXYGEN, PRIOR EMBALMING, CAUSE OF DEATH
Temperature, the availability of oxygen, prior embalming, cause of death, burial and depth of burial, access by scavengers, trauma, including wounds and crushing blows, humidity or wetness, rainfall, body size and weight, clothing, the surface on which the body rest, & Foods and objects inside the specimen’s digestive tract (Bacon opposed to lettuce)
page 285
Freshly skeletonized bone is often called ________ and has a characteristic greasy feel.
A) "CHEESE" BONE B) "GREASE" BONE C) "FUNNY" BONE D) "GREEN" BONE E) A "BONER"
D) “GREEN” BONE
PAGE 285
After the victim dies, circulation of the blood to the arteries and veins ceases. As the body settles, color in the lips and nails disappears as a blood settles into lower capillaries of the body. The blood then changes from red to dark purpleish color as it loses its oxygen. What is this the beginning of?
A) LIVIDITY B) DIAGENESIS C) ADIPOCERE D) AUTOLYSIS E) ALGOR MORTIS F) DIPTERA G) HEMOLYZE
A) LIVIDITY
PAGE 286
What is the process of stiffening, or contraction of body muscles after vital functions cease, is generally considered a poor indicator of time of death?
A) DIAGENESIS B) ADIPOCERE C) POSTMORTEM LIVIDITY D) RIGOR MORTIS E) AUTOLYSIS F) ALGOR MORTIS G) DIPTERA H) HEMOLYZE
D) RIGOR MORTIS
2-4 hours after death, starts with entire body, first noticed jaw and neck. Moves downward 8-12 hours complete, upper torso, face, jaw, neck and extremities are as “stiff as a board”
PAGE 286
What is it called when the body’s vital functions cease, blood settles to the bottom side of the body because of gravity. The purpleish lividity stain forms on the skin of the body closest to the surface on which it is lying.
A) DIAGENESIS B) ADIPOCERE C) POSTMORTEM LIVIDITY D) RIGOR MORTIS E) AUTOLYSIS F) ALGOR MORTIS G) DIPTERA H) HEMOLYZE
C) POSTMORTEM LIVIDITY
may appear anywhere between one-half hour to four hours after death.
(generally speaking, after the lividity has set in for 12 hours, the body will not diminish in color and will remain unchanged)
PAGE 287
BASED ON WHAT EXPERIENCE HAS SHOWN; HOW FAST DO “FLOATERS”, DEAD BODIES FOUND IN WATER, DECOMPOSE COMPARED TO BODIES FOUND IN OPEN AIR?
A) BODIES FOUND IN AIR WILL DECOMPOSE TWICE AS FAST AS THOSE FOUND SUBMERGED IN WATER.
B) BODIES FOUND IN AIR WILL DECOMPOSE THREE TIMES AS FAST AS THOSE FOUND SUBMERGED IN WATER.
C) BODIES FOUND SUBMERGED IN WATER WILL DECOMPOSE TWICE AS FAST AS THOSE FOUND IN OPEN AIR.
D) BODIES FOUND SUBMERGED IN WATER WILL DECOMPOSE FIVE TIMES AS FAST AS THOSE FOUND IN OPEN AIR.
A) BODIES FOUND IN AIR WILL DECOMPOSE TWICE AS FAST AS THOSE FOUND SUBMERGED IN WATER.
PAGE 287
WHAT CAN CAUSE A FIREARM WOUND’S PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS TO VARY?
A) THE LENGTH OF THE BARREL
B) THE TYPE OF SHOOTER
C) WHETHER THE BULLET IS LETHAL OR NOT
D) THE DISTANCE BETWEEN THE SHOOTER AND VICTIM
D) THE DISTANCE BETWEEN THE SHOOTER AND VICTIM
{DEPENDING ON THE TYPE OF CALIBER WEAPON USED, THE DISTANCE BETWEEN THE SHOOTER AND VICTIM, & WHETHER THE LETHAL BULLET HAD RICOCHETED OFF ANOTHER OBJECT}
PAGE 287
WHAT IS THE TYPE OF GUNSHOT WOUND HAS A BULLET ENTERING AN OBJECT AND REMAINING INSIDE?
A) PERFORATING WOUND
B) PENETRATING WOUND
C) LETHAL WOUND
D) RICOCHETING WOUND
B) PENETRATING WOUND
PAGE 287
WHAT IS THE TYPE OF GUNSHOT WOUND HAS A BULLET PASSES COMPLETELY THROUGH THE OBJECT?
A) PERFORATING WOUND
B) PENETRATING WOUND
C) LETHAL WOUND
D) RICOCHETING WOUND
A) PERFORATING WOUND
PAGE 287
WHAT IS THE TYPE OF GUNSHOT WOUND HAS A BULLET ENTERING SOME PART OF THE BODY, SUCH AS THE HEAD, BUT PASSES COMPLETELY THROUGH THE BRAIN, AND REMAINS INSIDE THE HEAD, SKULL?
A) PERFORATING WOUND B) PENETRATING WOUND C) LETHAL WOUND D) RICOCHETING WOUND E) PERFORATING AND PENETRATING WOUND
E) PERFORATING AND PENETRATING WOUND
(BOTH EXIST)
WHAT ABOUT A BULLET THAT HITS A INTERIOR BONE, SPLITS INTO SEPARATE PARTS AND PART OF THE BULLET EXITS?
{THERE WAS NOTHING MENTIONED TO DESCRIBE THAT WOUND}
PAGE 287
WHAT ARE SOME NOTABLY DIFFERENT CHARACTERISTICS OF AN ENTRANCE WOUND COMPARED TO AN EXIT WOUND
A) THE EXIT WOUND IS LARGER AND MORE IRREGULAR
B) THE ENTRANCE WOUND HAS A REDDISH-BROWN AREA OF ROUGHENED SKIN, KNOWN AS THE ABRASION RING
C) SMALL AMOUNTS OF BLOOD ESCAPE THROUGH THE ENTRANCE WOUND
D) AN EXIT WOUND HAS FAR MORE BLOOD THAN THE EXIT WOUND
E) ALL OF THE ABOVE
E) ALL OF THE ABOVE
PAGE 287
WHAT MAKES THE ENTRANCE WOUND APPEAR SMALLER THAN THE BULLET THAT PASSED THROUGH THE SKIN?
A) THE SKIN RETRACTS DUE TO THE GAS FROM THE MUZZLE OF THE WEAPON
B) THE SKIN IS BURNED FROM VELOCITY OF THE BULLET
C) THE SKIN RETRACTS DUE TO ITS ELASTICITY
D) THE WOUND ALWAYS APPEARS LARGER THAN THE BULLET THAT PASSED THROUGH IT.
C) THE SKIN RETRACTS DUE TO ITS ELASTICITY
PAGE 288
This gunshot wound leaves no marks other than those produced by the bullet perforating the skin
A) CONTACT WOUND B) HARD CONTACT WOUND C) LOOSE CONTACT WOUND D) ANGLED WOUND E) NEAR-CONTACT WOUND F) INTERMEDIATE WOUND G) DISTANT WOUND
G) DISTANT WOUND
PAGE 288
This wound results when the muzzle of a firearm is held against the body at the time of discharge.
A) CONTACT WOUND B) HARD CONTACT WOUND C) LOOSE CONTACT WOUND D) ANGLED WOUND E) NEAR-CONTACT WOUND F) INTERMEDIATE WOUND G) DISTANT WOUND
A) CONTACT WOUND
THIS CAN BE FURTHER DIVIDED INTO HARD, LOOSE, ANGLE, AND INCOMPLETE CONTACT WOUNDS
PAGE 288
For this wound the muzzle is held tightly against the skin.
A) CONTACT WOUND B) HARD CONTACT WOUND C) LOOSE CONTACT WOUND D) ANGLED WOUND E) NEAR-CONTACT WOUND F) INTERMEDIATE WOUND G) DISTANT WOUND
B) HARD CONTACT WOUND
There is little external evidence that it is a contact wound, although if the entrance is inspected usually searing and powder blackening of the immediate edge of the wound is seen. And autopsy will reveal particles of soot and unburnt powder in the wound track
PAGE 288
In this type of wound, the muzzles held lightly against the skin, and the soot that is carried by the gas is deposited in a zone around the entrance, * which can be wiped away *
A) CONTACT WOUND B) HARD CONTACT WOUND C) LOOSE CONTACT WOUND D) ANGLED WOUND E) NEAR-CONTACT WOUND F) INTERMEDIATE WOUND G) DISTANT WOUND
C) LOOSE CONTACT WOUND
PAGE 288
In this wound gas and soot radiate outward from where the gun does not touch the skin.
A) CONTACT WOUND B) HARD CONTACT WOUND C) LOOSE CONTACT WOUND D) ANGLED WOUND E) NEAR-CONTACT WOUND F) INTERMEDIATE WOUND G) DISTANT WOUND
D) ANGLED WOUND
The barrel is held at an acute angle to the skin. In an incomplete contact wound, the barrel is held against the skin, but in a place where the skin is not completely flat. In this case hot sooty gases escape from the gap, leaving a long blackened and seared section of the skin, with scattered grains of powder.
PAGE 288
In this wound the muzzle is close to the skin but is not in direct contact, in this case the powder grains do not have a chance to disperse and leave powder tattooing. I wide zone of powder soot and seared blackened skin surround the entrance wound
A) CONTACT WOUND B) HARD CONTACT WOUND C) LOOSE CONTACT WOUND D) ANGLED WOUND E) NEAR-CONTACT WOUND F) INTERMEDIATE WOUND G) DISTANT WOUND
E) NEAR-CONTACT WOUND
PAGE 288
To create this wound the muzzle is held away from the skin, but close enough that it still produces powder tattooing. Numerous reddish-brown or possibly orange lesions around the entrance of the wound also characterize this type of wound.
A) CONTACT WOUND B) HARD CONTACT WOUND C) LOOSE CONTACT WOUND D) ANGLED WOUND E) NEAR-CONTACT WOUND F) INTERMEDIATE WOUND G) DISTANT WOUND
F) INTERMEDIATE WOUND
Page 32
No crime scene investigation should ever be conducted without first considering:
A) the legal implications of evidence collection.
B) the location of the actor and victim in relation to the scene.
C) where the criminal act occurred.
D) the time and place of the crime.
E) the number of investigators needed to process the scene.
A) the legal implications of evidence collection.
Page 43
Which statement is most likely true?
A) Still photos should proceed to taking of the digital video recording process.
B) The video recording process should proceed the taking of still photos.
C) All evidence should be collected prior to video recording and still photos.
D) Digital video recording and digital photographing should not be used at or in any crime scene.
B) The video recording process should proceed the taking of still photos.
Page 279
Evidence is used in court to:
A) establish the suspect’s guilt.
B) show the seizure, custody, control, transfer, analysis, and disposition of evidence.
C) establish the suspect is innocent.
D) to convict persons of crimes.
D) to convict persons of crimes.
Page 279
What refers to the sequential documentation of evidence that shows the seizure, custody, control, transfer, analysis, and disposition of evidence?
A) chain of custody
B) chain of evidence
C) scene-conscious of evidence
D) a thoroughly careful manner to avoid possible allegations of tampering, contamination, or misconduct, which can compromise the case.
A) chain of custody
Page 280
How should fingerprints of the deceased be taken?
By using an ink roller on each finger, next, while strips of finger print paper are placed into a curve holder such as a spoon, each finger is placed against the strip and an impression is taken. Rigid joints can be loosened by working the finger back and forth several times
Page 283
What is created when the body cells reach the final stage of AUTOLYSIS?
An anaerobic environment is created, that is, environment which oxygen is not present
Page 283
The products from the breakdown create acids, gases, and other products that cause production of:
Volatile Organic Compounds. (VOCs) and putrefactive effects.
(Putrefaction)
“ROUSs, rodents of unusual size, I don’t think they exist.”
PAGE 283
During stage TWO, the putrefaction stage, what causes the green color change
Bacteria breakdown of hemoglobin into sulfhemoglobin
Page 284
Mummification is also indicated when…..
All of the internal organs are lost due to insect activity.
Also indicated by reduced skin, cartilage, and bone.
Page 285
What is a basic guide for the effect of the environment on decomposition is given as:
Casper’s law (or ratio)
If all other factors are equal, then when there is free access of air, a body decomposes twice as fast than if immersed in water and eight times faster than if buried in earth.
(So, you should keep the body out in free air…for birds etc… until it’s pretty much skeletal and then throw it in water to get rid of the bones.
532
What areas are typically well known to drug users. Often these areas are nothing more than street corners or public parks where small amounts of drugs are sold?
COPPING AREAS
533
What is the term for a fixed location for drug dealing and are often abandoned buildings or apartments in public housing projects located near copping areas. These locations provide necessary paraphernalia for taking cocaine and the equipment such as needles and syringe is for injecting as well as pipes and heat sources for smoking crack.
Crack houses
The Detroit Police Department identify two types of crack houses.
1) the buy and get high party house. drugs are consumed on the premises in conjunction with illicit sex acts
2) “a hole in the wall” House where buyers would literally put cash into the wall at the front of the house and receive crack cocaine from unidentified seller on the other side.
533
What term refers to a criminal who is a member of a criminal organization such as a gang?
Gangster (or mobster)
This fucking ass-collar is stuck in the 70s
534
Gangs are becoming more violent while engaging in less typical and lower-Risk crime, such as __________ and ______________.
Prostitution and white-collar crime
535
Local neighborhood, hybrid, and ___________ gang membership is on the rise in many communities.
Female
537
______________ is important because it plays a part in impelling the terrorist to act and then in defining the targets of their actions.
Symbolism
Gangs often established distinctive, characteristic identifiers, including:
Graffiti tag colors, hand signals, clothing, jewelry, hairstyles, finger nails , slogans, signs, flags, Secret greetings, slurs, codewords, and other group-specific symbols associated with the gang’s…..
538
Gangs are forming _______ to avoid police attention and make it more difficult for police to identify and monitor them
Hybrid gangs
540
Gang involvement in __________, _____________, and _____________ is increasing as well as involvement in White Collar Crimes such as __________, _______, and __________. Primarily due to the higher profitability and Lower risk of detection and punishment than that of drugs and weapons trafficking.
alien smuggling, human trafficking, and prostitution
counterfeiting, identity theft, and mortgage fraud
544
___________ is an opium poppy-cultivating/heroin-producing country.
551
______ has been the legal foundation of the federal government’s battle against illicit drug abuse since its implementation in 1970.
Mexico
The 1970 Controlled Substance Act. The CSA
546
____________ is the number one foreign supplier of marijuana abused in the United States.
551
The placement of a drug under any particular category was based on its medical use, potential for abuse, and safety or propensity for _________.
Mexico
Dependence. Part of the CSA The 1970 controlled substance act.
546
______________ the number one foreign supplier of methamphetamine to the United States
559
Since 1985, the DEA has use a tactic that is since been called a drug courier profile. In a precedent-setting decision by the Supreme Court, the technique of drug courier profiling was upheld. The drug decision, ______________________, was written by Judge William H Rehnquist.
Mexico is also
United States v. Sokolow (1989)
The decision permitted the use of “totality of the circumstances” approach.
546
_______________ has served as a primary transportation Corridor for cocaine destined for the United States
Mexico
550
What is One of the first major drug laws passed in Congress which required federal agents to arrest and interrogate suspects, search and seize contraband, and infiltrate criminal organizations through undercover techniques
The 1914 Harrison narcotic act
550
What requires the subject to have knowledge of the presence of the substance and the power and intent to control use of the drug?
Constructive possession
550
______________ is most commonly imposed for any exchange of illegal drugs between two or more persons.
Distribution
Page 31
A fundamental premises of __________ is that investigators have the ability to reconstruct the facts and circumstances surrounding each case
criminal investigation
Page 33
It is recommended that Notes be taken in _____________ in the event the defense attorney’s later charge the pages are added or notes were deleted by the investigator.
a bound notebook
Page 33
An investigator’s _________ are his or her most personal and readily available record of a crime scene search.
field notes
Page 33
officers should remember that _________ is a continual process that occurs throughout the duration of the officer’s involvement in an investigation.
note taking
Page 33
When first encountering a witness or victim, it is important for the investigator to allow the person to state in his or her own words what occurred. This is best accomplished by asking a simple question, _________?
“what happened?”
Most information can be learned with the answers to who, what, where, when, why, and how.
Page 35
Investigators must note anything _________ at the crime scene.
unusual
Page 33-36
What to write down:
List some examples of the essential aspects of information:
Dates, times, and locations. Description of victim. Wounds on the victim. Overall description of the crime scene. Notes on photographs taken on the scene. Type and location of each piece of evidence. Absence of items.
Page 35
An investigator should be careful to document adequately the location of each piece of _________ found at the scene.
Page 306
paper is an excellent preserver of _____________, the note should be handled very carefully and protected as valuable evidence.
evidence
Fingerprints
After it is been collected it should be delivered to the crime laboratory for handwriting analysis
Page 37
Investigator should remember that the official police report is the ________ of the criminal prosecution process.
backbone
Page 37
An important three-pronged rule of thumb to remember is that official reports should be _______, __________, and __________because they will be under close scrutiny when the case goes to court.
factual, thorough, and to the point
Page 39
In writing the narrative section of the report, the officer should be concerned with two basic items: ________ and _________.
Presentation and Diction (Choice and Use of Words)
Page 40
Pending on the department, crimes are generally designated as:
crimes against property, crimes against persons, or vice crimes.
Crimes are further indexed according to the specific act that is been alleged, such as robbery, burglary, and drug distribution.
Page 45
When photographing a crime scene, how many pictures should you take?
there can never be too many pictures.
Depending on the crime scene, 100 to 200 photos maybe typical for proper documentation.
Page 286
The eyes are the most sensitive part of the human body and in death do not react to light, touching, or pressure. In addition eye-lids may remain open; the pupils may become irregular in size and shape and typically become milky and cloudy in color within __________ of death.
within 8 to 10 hours of death.
Page 286
The greater the difference between the body temperature and the environment temperature, the faster the body will cool down. A corpse will feel cool to the touch from 8 to 10 hours after death and remain the same temperature as it’s surroundings for about _____________ after death.
About 24 hours after death.
Page 289
Which powder tattooing exists, that indicates an individual was in fact alive when the wound was inflicted?
A) Gray or Yellow Marks
B) purple-orange to red-black powder tattooing
C) Brown to Green Marks
D) Reddish-Brown to Orange-Red powder tattooing
D) Reddish-Brown to Orange-Red powder tattooing
Gray or yellow marks instead, the individual was deceased before the shooting.
Page 289
Rimfire weapons instead use ball powder, which produces _______________.
extreme fine/faint tattooing.
Handguns use flake powder in the ammunition
Page 289
For the most part, _________ produce larger and more obvious tattoo patterns then rimfire weapons because of the use of flake powder.
A) rifles
B) shotguns
C) handguns
D) nuclear weapons
C) handguns
Page 289
____________________ is one of the most common and most deadly weapons.
The shotgun, particularly the 12 gauge,
(my favorite weapon)
12 gauge has twelve (12) lead “BALLS” of bore diameter = 1 pound
10, 12, 16, 20, 28 a .410 is different. .410 is the caliber or would be about a “64 gauge”
Page 289
This type of gun has higher velocities and higher Kinetic Energies than the others and therefore possesses the potential to produce extremely severe wounds. Wounds inflicted by this type of gun differ from those of other weapons in that their projectiles can damage organs, bones, and tissue without even coming into contact with them and can result in tissue being ejected not only from the exit wound but also from the entrance wound.
A) center fire rifles
B) hand guns
C) 12 gauge shotguns
D) rocket propelled grenades (RPGs)
A) center fire rifles
Page 290
__________ is usually a ring that results from gunpowder been deposited around the wound. It has a dirty appearance and can usually be wiped off.
A) tattooing
B) smudging
C) powder burns
D) seared blackened skin
B) smudging
Page 291
__________ is tiny pinpoint hemorrhages may result from the discharge of unburned powder being deposited into the skin. These marks cannot be wiped away.
A) tattooing
B) smudging
C) powder burns
D) seared blackened skin
A) tattooing
Page 291
_____________ is another potentially important source of evidence in gunshot cases, it’s created in the process of discharging the firearm, the results when the firing pin of a gun hits the back of the cartridge, activating the shock-sensitive primer, which ignites the gunpowder, forcing the bullet down the barrel of the gun and on its path. The heat and pressure within the cartridge vaporize the metals from the primer. Vapors escape from any area of the weapon, like the breach area and muzzle. The heat of explosive reaction in the subsequent cooling result in the condensation and formation of tiny Metal-containing particles. These particles fall on anything in the vicinity of the fired weapon, including the hands of the shooter.
Gun shot residue (GSR)
Page 294
_________ typically have soot on the outside of the skin, and muzzle imprint, or laceration of the skin from the effects of gases.
Contact wounds
Intermediate or close range wounds may show a wide zone of powder stippling, but lack a muzzle imprint and laceration. The area of powder stippling will depend upon the distance from the muzzle. (Further away the wider/bigger the spread)
Page 294-295
The most difficult problem is distinguishing a distant from a contact wound. What are factors that can affect the amount and distribution of gunshot residue (GSR) on skin and clothing?
Firing distance, length and diameter of the firearm barrel, characteristics of the gunpowder, angle between the firearm barrel and target, characteristics of the cartridge, the environment-(moisture, wind, heat), type of clothing, intermediate targets, and characteristics of the target (tissue type, putrefaction, blood marks)
Page 295
Exit wounds are generally _______ than entrance wounds because the bullet has expanded or tumbled on its axis.
Larger
Page 295
In bone, typical _______ maybe present that is orientated ______ from the entrance wound.
With a Shot-gun the close-range entrance (less than 5 feet) hole is almost __________.
beveling
away
Square
is the common shape for this range, wadding will be in the wound, may notice a “pinkish color” ~lead residue~ to the material around the hole.
5 feet to 10 feet
Greater than 5 to 10 feet fliers will start to appear, wadding may or may not enter the victim, shot mass (pellets) start to spread
Page 297
___________ are characteristic of a struggle between the victim and an assailant.
Defense wounds
Page 298
Drowning occurs when liquid enters the breathing passages, prevented air from getting into the lungs. Drowning can take place in Deepwater, such as a river, swimming pool or ocean. Drowning can also take place in water as shallow as _______.
A) 3 inches
B) 6 inches
C) 12 inches
D) 6 feet
B) 6 inches
Dry drowning is a hypothesis
Page 298
A person is considered a victim of _________ if, after being rescued from the water, he survives for ________ after being submerged in water, even if he died shortly after or suffered brain damage.
near drowning
24 hours
Page 299
Diagnoses of drowning is based more on ________________ than on tests.
the circumstances of death
Page 303
1) The HITS (Washington State 1981 - 1986 homicides) system stands for:
2) NCAVC (conceived in 1981 by FBI agent Robert K. Ressler) stands for:
3) ViCAP ~ PROFILER (a ROBOT, rule based expert system) stands for:
4) CIAP stands for:
1) Homicide investigation tracking system
The Dodd case, in particular….
Non-rape and sexual assaults, sex offender registration and changes of address forms, child luring, stalking, child pornography, identity theft, suspicious circumstances.
2) National Center for the Analysis of Violent Crime (Pres. Ronald Reagan gave it the primary mission of “identifying and tracking repeat killers”) - typical cases requested include Child abduction or mysterious disappearance of children, serial murders, single homicides, serial rapes, extortions, threats, kidnappings, product tampering, ARSONS and bombings, weapons of mass destruction, public corruption, and domestic and international terrorism.
3) Violent Criminal Apprehension Program (specifically works by identifying and linking the signature aspects and violent serial crimes)
4) Criminal Investigative Analysis Program
