invertebrates from book Flashcards
What defines an invertebrate?
Animals lacking a backbone or vertebral column.
What is the term for animals without a vertebral column?
Invertebrata
Name five examples of invertebrates.
Worms, butterflies, sponges, corals, and snails.
Why are diverse animals grouped under Invertebrata?
They all share the absence of a vertebral column despite differences in structure and appearance.
What evolutionary concept supports grouping animals into phyla?
Common ancestry and a shared anatomical framework.
How many phyla are in the invertebrate group?
30 phyla.
How many phyla are in the invertebrate group?
30 phyla.
What is the significance of the anatomical ground plan in a phylum?
It implies structural unity and a network of relationships among members.
What functional feature is common among members of a phylum?
Similar functional integration as efficient machines.
What evolutionary evidence binds a phylum together?
Confirmation of shared ancestry through evolutionary studies.
What is the relationship between external features and phylum classification?
Members may vary externally but share internal anatomical similarities.
Why is the term “Invertebrata” considered a semantic blanket?
It covers a wide range of animals regardless of differences in morphology or size.
What do all animals in a phylum share?
Similar anatomical construction and functional organization.
What binds animals of the same phylum?
Anatomical ground plan, functional integration, and common ancestry.
How are sponges related to other invertebrates?
Through shared traits of lacking a backbone and similar functional integration.
How are sponges related to other invertebrates?
Through shared traits of lacking a backbone and similar functional integration.
What is the importance of structural unity in taxonomy?
It provides a basis for grouping animals into specific phyla.
How are sponges related to other invertebrates?
Through shared traits of lacking a backbone and similar functional integration.
Describe the diversity within Invertebrata.
Animals vary in size, shape, and structure but are unified by the absence of a backbone.
what role does evolutionary theory play in phylum grouping?
It identifies shared ancestry and developmental patterns.
Why are corals part of Invertebrata?
They lack a vertebral column.
What characteristic unifies members of Invertebrata?
The lack of a backbone.
: How does common ancestry affect phylum classification
It unites diverse animals under shared evolutionary origins.
Why are snails grouped with worms and butterflies?
They all lack a vertebral column.
Why are snails grouped with worms and butterflies?
They all lack a vertebral column.
How does the absence of a vertebral column impact taxonomy?
It serves as a unifying characteristic for classifying diverse animals as invertebrates.
What is the anatomical ground plan’s significance in evolution?
It reflects the evolutionary design of a phylum’s members.
How does functional efficiency relate to phylum classification?
Members of a phylum perform similar functions in a coordinated manner.
How does functional efficiency relate to phylum classification?
Members of a phylum perform similar functions in a coordinated manner.
Why do phylum members share functional integration?
Due to similar evolutionary pressures and anatomical designs.
Why do phylum members share functional integration?
Due to similar evolutionary pressures and anatomical designs.
What is implied by “30 patterns” in Invertebrata?
Each phylum displays unique anatomical and functional characteristics.
What is implied by “30 patterns” in Invertebrata?
Each phylum displays unique anatomical and functional characteristics.
How does taxonomy classify diverse animals?
By grouping them based on common anatomical and functional traits.
What is the key difference between vertebrates and invertebrates?
Presence or absence of a vertebral column.
How do evolutionary studies contribute to understanding phyla?
By revealing shared developmental patterns and common ancestry.
What does “structural units” refer to in a phylum?
Anatomical components that follow a shared design.
Why is the absence of a backbone significant in taxonomy?
It distinguishes invertebrates from vertebrates and unifies diverse species.
What is a notochord?
stiff, rod-like structure that serves as an internal skeleton.
What is a notochord?
stiff, rod-like structure that serves as an internal skeleton.
What is a notochord?
stiff, rod-like structure that serves as an internal skeleton.
What is a notochord?
stiff, rod-like structure that serves as an internal skeleton.
Which animals are included in Phylum Chordata?
Animals that possess a notochord during any period of their life.
What is the relationship between Invertebrates and Non-Chordates?
Invertebrates minus Protochordates are equal to Non-Chordates.
Are all invertebrates non-chordates?
No, Protochordates are invertebrates but not non-chordates.
Why are Protochordates considered invertebrates but not non-chordates?
They lack a vertebral column but possess a notochord.
Can the terms “Non-Chordates” and “Invertebrates” be used interchangeably?
No, they are not strictly synonymous.
What defines Invertebrates?
Animals that lack a vertebral column
What is Subphylum Vertebrata?
It includes animals where the notochord’s function is replaced by a segmented vertebral column.
Which animals are included in Phylum Chordata?
Animals that possess a notochord during any period of their life.
What distinguishes Vertebrates from Protochordates?
Vertebrates have a vertebral column, while Protochordates do not.
How are Protochordates classified within Chordates?
chordates that lack a vertebral column.
What does the notochord provide for animals?
Structural support.
How does the vertebral column differ from the notochord?
It is segmented and replaces the notochord’s function in vertebrates.
What makes the term “Invertebrates” less specific than “Non-Chordates”?
includes Protochordates, which have a notochord.
Why are Protochordates significant in evolutionary studies?
They exhibit characteristics of both chordates and invertebrates.
size
At the lowest extremity, the malarial parasite (Plasmodium) is so small that it occupies nearly one-fifth of a human red blood corpuscle. At the uppermost extremity, a species of the giant squids (Architeuthis) of North Atlantic has been reported to have attained a total body length of 16.5 meters including the tentacles.
size
At the lowest extremity, the malarial parasite (Plasmodium) is so small that it occupies nearly one-fifth of a human red blood corpuscle. At the uppermost extremity, a species of the giant squids (Architeuthis) of North Atlantic has been reported to have attained a total body length of 16.5 meters including the tentacles.
What are the types of symmetry found in invertebrates?
All symmetries: bilateral, radial, asymmetrical, spherical.
What symmetry do ctenophores exhibit?
biradial symmetry.
What is the characteristic symmetry of coelenterates?
Radial symmetry.
What symmetry is seen in sponges?
Sponges are asymmetrical or radially symmetrical.
Which symmetry do protozoans show?
Bilateral, radial, and sometimes asymme
What is the habitat of sponges and coelenterates?
Aquatic, mainly marine.
Describe the distribution and lifestyle of protozoans.
Protozoans are cosmopolitan: free-living, parasitic, or commensal.
Describe the distribution and lifestyle of protozoans.
Protozoans are cosmopolitan: free-living, parasitic, or commensal.
How do invertebrates adapt to diverse habitats?
Through changes in morphology and function.
How do invertebrates adapt to diverse habitats?
Through changes in morphology and function.
Which protozoans exhibit spherical symmetry?
Heliozoa and Radiolaria.
What is the dominant symmetry in most phyla?
Bilateral symmetry.
Why are arthropods highly successful?
Diverse habitats, wide dietary range, and flight capability in insects.
Why are arthropods highly successful?
Diverse habitats, wide dietary range, and flight capability in insects.
What is the difference between asymmetry and radial symmetry?
Asymmetry: no symmetry; Radial: parts arranged around a central axis.
What is symmetry in invertebrates?
It is the arrangement of body parts around a central axis or plane.
What is symmetry in invertebrates?
It is the arrangement of body parts around a central axis or plane.
What are the primary habitats of molluscs?
Mostly marine; some snails/clams are freshwater or terrestrial.
What are the primary habitats of molluscs?
Mostly marine; some snails/clams are freshwater or terrestrial.
Where are echinoderms found?
Exclusively marine.
Where are echinoderms found?
Exclusively marine.
What is unique about insects among invertebrates?
Insects are the only invertebrates capable of flight.
What is unique about insects among invertebrates?
Insects are the only invertebrates capable of flight.
Where do annelids thrive?
In varied habitats, with some, like leeches, being sanguivorous.
What is unique about helminths?
They exhibit diverse forms of life.
What is the habitat of sponges and coelenterates? describe the distribution and lifestyle of protozoans.
Aquatic, mainly marine. Protozoans are cosmopolitan: free-living, parasitic, or commensal.
List the habitats where invertebrates are found.How do invertebrates adapt to diverse habitats?Which protozoans exhibit spherical symmetry?
Seas, freshwaters, air, land, mountains, deserts.Through changes in morphology and function.Heliozoa and Radiolaria.
