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Minor Phyla > Invertebrate Chordates > Flashcards

Invertebrate Chordates Flashcards

1
Q

Give the bigger group to which the invertebrate chordates belong.

A

The chordates

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2
Q

Give the 2 sub groups of the IC ?

A

Urochordata

Cephalochordata

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3
Q

What groups are found within the Urochordata ?

A

Ascidiacea
Thaliacea
Appendicularia

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4
Q

What groups are found within the Cephalochordata ?

A

Branchiostoma,

Amphioxus

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5
Q

What species are found within the Ascideacea ?

A

Sea squirts and tunicates

They live in colonies

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6
Q

Do Ascideacea have a Lophophore ?

A

No, they pump water in and out using cilia

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7
Q

Describe the journey of water through Ascideacea ?

A

Water enters through the oral siphon and exits through the atrial siphon

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8
Q

What is the purpose of the pharyngeal baskets ?

A

They filter water for nutrients as are rich in iodide.

These nutrients then diffyse into the stomach

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9
Q

Describe the Fertilisation of Ascideacea.

A

External fertilisation

Hermaphrodites (M and F)

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10
Q

How do Ascideacea prevent other organisms landing on them ?

A

Surrounded by a velvety sac.

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11
Q

Describe the living habits of Thaliaceae.

A

Solitary or Colonial

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12
Q

What is a Pyrosoma ?

A

Tube structure,
Pumps water into a larger structure
Can emit light to scare predators

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13
Q

Do thaliaceae have a nervous system ?

A

No,

But have physical co-ordination systems which generate motion.

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14
Q

What is the main species in the group thaliaceae ?

A

Salps

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15
Q

Describe the larvae of the Ascideacea.

A

Adhesive papillae- attachment to substrate

Tail- enables movement via caudal muscles

Notochord- generates wave of activity to activate muscles

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16
Q

What is the main species found in the group Appendicularia ?

A

Larvaceans

17
Q

Give an adaption of the larvaceans which enables them to filter feed.

A

Secretion of a mucus house outside body every 3 hours.

Beating their tail also encourages movement of water through filter

18
Q

Give the main species found in the Cephalochordata.

A

Branchiostoma

19
Q

What do Branchiostoma look similar to ?

A

Fish larvae

20
Q

What do Branchiostoma have instead of a pharyngeal basket ?

A

A pharynx with gill slits, modification of the basket

21
Q

Give a benefit of the branchiostomes elongated body.

A

Enables longer digestive system.

22
Q

Give some key morphological adaptions of the branchiostome.

A

Caudal fin (post-anal)
Myotomes- muscle
Notochord- co-ordination of movement
Endostyle- secretes muscus to aid transportation of food

23
Q

Describe the head of the brachistome, which has undergone cephalisation

A

Anterior brain

Pharyngeal slits- increasing efficiency of oxygen harvesting

Cartilaginous rods with blood vessels inside- ^ efficiency

Heart

24
Q

Increased efficiency of oxygen harvesting enables….

A

More powerful muscles, which means rapid movement,

25
Q

Give the 5 key parts of a chordate body plan.

A 
Notochord 
Dorsal hollow nerve chord
Digestive system 
Muscular post anal tail
Pharyngeal slits
26
Q

What does the dorsal nerve chord develop from in chordates ?

A 
The plate of the ectoderm, creating a hollow tube above the notochord. 
Becomes CNS (Brain and spine)
27
Q

What happens to these 5 key parts of the chordate body plan as the organism develops ?

A

Many features will disappear as the organism develops, but are ALL present at embryonic level.

28
Q

Why is the development of the notochord so important ?

A

It enables muscles to attach
Gives skeletal support
Gives capacity to modify body shape.

29
Q

Give the 2 subphylum of the invertebrate chordates.

A

Cephalochordates

Urochordates (tunicates)

30
Q

Why are these 2 groups found within the invertebrate phylum ?

A

Species lack a head and vertebrae.

Use pharyngeal slits for filter feeding not respiration.

Minor Phyla (8 decks)

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