Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CIK > INV04 Scene Inv > Flashcards

INV04 Scene Inv Flashcards

1
Q

Forensic Science Concept and terms:

A

Every contact leaves a trace

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Definitions: ADMISSIBLE =

A

Evidence that is allowable and accepted by the court

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Definitions: BIOLOGICAL =

A

(bio) material - material directly linked to a person.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Examples of BIO MATERIAL = Body Fluids =

A
  1. Body Fluids = Blood, Semen, Saliva and mucus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Examples of BIO MATERIAL = Trace Bio =

A
  1. Epithelial cells (skin/mouth) transferred through contact
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Examples of BIO MATERIAL = Hairs =

A
  1. hair shaft only, hair and root
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Examples of BIO MATERIAL = Toxicology =

A
  1. drugs and alcohol in blood, urine, hair
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Definitions: BLOODSTAIN =

A

Bloodstain Pattern Analysis (BPA) can reveal crime scene reconstruction revealing vital info about an assault.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Definitions: CHAIN OF EVIDENCE =

A

A record of all persons who have had custody of the exhibit. From its discovery to its presentation in court and its security in Police records.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Definitions: COLD ZONE =

A

An area in the outer cordon of a serious crime scene investigation. Used for briefings, meals, scene guard and maintaining scene records

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Definitions: CONTAMINATION =

A

Occurs when an exhibit receives material added to it post incident. Can occur during seizure, packaging and storage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Definitions: CONTROL SAMPLE =

A

Sample of material from a known origin that can be compared with material being examined - Reference sample

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Definitions: CROSS CONTAMINATION =

A

Occurs through exchange of traces of forensic material between the offender, the Crime Scene, the victim and other people
E.g Victim and suspect transported in same vehicle - Cross Contamination could also occur though ‘secondary transfer’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Definitions: DEGRADE =

A

Overtime, all bio material will degrade naturally

E.g decomposition of a body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Definitions: DETERIORATE =

A

Forensic evidence will deteriorate under certain conditions

E.g Bloodstain on shoe packaged in warm/humid conditions may generate mould growth. Or bloodstain exposed to sunlight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Definitions: DNA =

A

Deoxyribonucleic Acid, genetic material contained within all living things.
Minimum standard for collection is face mask and gloves.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Definitions: DNA PROFILE =

A

Stored on National DNA database contains sample from convicted offenders and volunteers.
DNA is also stored on the crime database which contains DNA profiles from unsolved crimes in NZ

18
Q

Definitions: ELIMINATION SAMPLES =

A

Refers to samples taken from people who are not connected to the offence but may have come in contact with the crime scene

19
Q

Definitions: ENTOMOLOGICAL SAMPLES =

A

Entomology the study of insects. Samples can assist with objective scientific evidence; insect samples from a body can assist with estimations of death, samples from cannabis plants can assist with identifying the region of origin of the plant material

20
Q

Definitions: FORENSIC MATERIAL =

A

May be of biological or physical nature. To be presented as evidence forensic material must be analysed to provide objective and scientific data, determining its relevance to the investigation

21
Q

Definitions: GOLDEN HOUR =

A

Is the term for the period immediately following the commission of a crime when the material is abundant and readily available to Police.

22
Q

Positive action in the Golden hour minimises the attrition of material and maximises the chance of securing material that will be admissible in court. Positive Action looks like:

A
  • Identify scenes, secure, assess and commence log
  • preserve physical evidence
  • prevent contamination of victims, scenes, witnesses and suspects
23
Q

Definitions: HOT ZONE =

A

The hot zone is the part of the scene that requires examination and evidence protection. It is closely controlled by the OC Scene. Exhibits are identified and packaged in the HOT ZONE.

24
Q

Definitions: IMPRESSIONS =

A

Evidence of a biological or physical nature left at the crime scene. Key example of ‘every contact leaves a trace’
Impressions should be photographed in situ before an attempt is made to lift it. Specialist collection and packaging is generally required

25
Q

Examples of IMPRESSIONS =

A
  • Footwear impressions in soil
  • Car tyre on soft mud
  • Fingerprint on a counter
  • Fabric impression on a car bumper
  • A tool mark at a place of forced entry
26
Q

Definitions: INTANGIBLE =

A

Evidential material relating to an offence. Unable to be touched, not having a physical presence.
E.g electronically stored computer data

27
Q

Integrity of evidence is protected by ensuring:

A
  • Access to the crime scene is controlled and documented
  • Forensic examination is conducted by trained and qualified personnel
  • The chain of evidence is secure
28
Q

Definitions: LATENT SAMPLE =

A

Latent means hidden or concealed. Latent is used to describe finger/footprints that are present but are not visible to the human eye. They are revealed through the use of powders/chemicals or special lighting

29
Q

Definitions: ORDER OF EXAMINATION =

A

Applies to any exhibit where multiple evidence types are present.

The preferred sequence of examination or analysis undertaken is determined by the investigative need; which type of analysis is going to be the most evidential value.

e. g
- a note passed in a robbery may be forwarded to a document examiner before fingerprinting as FP process may destroy indentations.
- A firearm located at a homicide scene may be examined for ballistics, fingerpirnts, trace DNA(offender), blood from the victim.

30
Q

Definitions: PERSISTENCE =

A

Length of time forensic material is able to be detected following a crime. E.g blood material can be affected by the weather or by washing or wiping a surface.

Persistence is a key reason why Freeze Control Preserve, prompt and efficient action is necessary at serious crime scenes.

31
Q

Definitions: PHYSICAL EVIDENCE =

A

Can establish links between things and can provide a link to persons they have associated with.

32
Q

Types of Physical Evidence

A
  • Physical Fit - is it part of a whole
  • Impressions - footprints, tyre marks
  • compositions - chemical make up (drugs)
  • Residue - minute trace material
33
Q

Definitions: PHYSICAL FIT =

A

The analysis of physical evidence of two or more items or objects to see if they are part of the same item.

34
Q

Definitions: PRIMARY TRANSFER =

A

The direct transfer of forensic material from one part to another.

35
Q

Definitions: RELEVANCE =

A

Fundamental principle that relevant evidence is admissible.

Forensic evidence provides objective scientific information to confirm the relevance of the evidence

36
Q

Definitions: SECONDARY TRANSFER =

A

The indirect transfer of forensic material to a third party. Transfer of evidence without direct contact involving three or more subjects.
E.g
A > B
B > C
B has transferred material from A to C - Secondary transfer

37
Q

Definitions: SIGNIFICANCE =

A

The evidential value of a material sample for the evidence collection.

38
Q

Definitions: TANGIBLE =

A

A real object located in time and space. Perceptible by touch, clear and definite.

39
Q

Definitions: TOXICOLOGY =

A

Analysis of body samples for alcohol, illicit drugs or poisons. Includes the detection for toxins in the blood, urine hair and fingernails.

40
Q

Definitions: TRACE EVIDENCE =

A

Microscopic minute samples of evidence. Traces of biological samples and chemical samples left on objects surfaces and persons.

41
Q

Definitions: TRANSFER =

A

In a forensic context it means the exchange of material traces between the offender, the crime scene and the victim. This can occur during and post incident

42
Q

Definitions: WARM ZONE =

A

Decontamination Zone - Warm Zone is a transition area where:

  • Scene examiners put on or take off protective clothing
  • Scene Examiners access equipment
  • O/C exhibits receives and records exhibits

CIK (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions