Intuition Flashcards
Simply feeling or knowing certain things
Intuition
Simply feeling or knowing certain things
Tenacity
Willingness to accept ideas without proper reasoning
Authority
ccepting ideas as valid as they come from an authority
Rationalism
RATIONALISM
Acquiring knowledge by reasoning
Using certain existing information and following logical rules to deduct new information
GOALS OF NEUROSCIENCE
GOALS OF NEUROSCIENCE
Prediction
Being able to predict and foretell….
Explanation
Being able to understand and explain ….
Application
Being able to use the knowledge to solve other real-world problems,
PHASES IN THE RESEARCH PROCESS
PHASES IN THE RESEARCH PROCESS
GENERATING THE IDEAS
initial step, often vague and unclear, moment of creativity
DEFINE THE PROBLEM
Relate the idea to existing literature and theories, compare against other approaches
ESTABLISHING THE PROCEDURE/DEISGN
Establish an experimental protocol, what do you observe or measure? how do you measure this?
OBSERVATION
Run the experiment , Observe and record the data
ANALYSING THE DATA
Processing of the data, applying the correct statistical procedure, summarising the data and the results
INTERPRETING THE RESULTS
Conclusions on the statistical results, answering the research question, relating the findings to theories and other findings
COMMUNICATING THE RESULTS
oral presentation at conferences, written report in a scientific journal, concise description of the experiment, to be able to replicate it, clear explanation of the implication of the findings, guidelines on the information which should be provided, e.g. how the data should be presented…
NATURALISTIC OBSERVATION
NATURALISTIC OBSERVATION
Observing the participants in their natural environment
Not trying to alter or limit the natural situation Observation is more open
Example: Güntürkün (2003) observing the head-turning behaviour when observing couples kissing on airports or central stations
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
Observing and following an individual in an intensive and focused way
May use patient records
May include interviews or tests
More constrained than the naturalistic condition
Example: Following a patient with a specific situation / disorder
CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH
CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH
Can be open or more constrained (naturalistic or experimental)
Quantifying the relationship between two or more features, behaviours, etc.
Requires a precise measurement of the feature of interest
Example: (not real). Internet explorer use correlates well with the murder rate in the USA
DIFFERENTIAL RESEARCH
DIFFERENTIAL RESEARCH
Compare two or more groups defined by a certain feature, which already exists
Gender, Age,
Out of the experimenters sphere of influence
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
Can test and compare participants in different situations:
One group of participants in two or more situations
Two or more groups in the same situation
Can show highest level of constraints
At the level of the data and measurements
A specific measurement with a specific instrument
At the level of the participant and the situation
SCALES OF MEASUREMENT: NOMINAL
NOMINAL Not really a value or unit Rather a categorical sorting: Gender Country of origin Dichotomous e.g. Healthy vs Sick
Difference in category, but no intrinsic ranking
May be coded with numbers, but numbers are arbitrary
SCALES OF MEASUREMENT: ORDINAL
ORDINAL Values can be ranked or ordered Ranks in a race Standings in a table Does not show the actual distance: e.g Malmö - 56p, Djurgarden - 56p, AIK - 53p
SCALES OF MEASUREMENT: CONTINUOUS - INTERVAL
CONTINUOUS - INTERVAL
values are ordered
The distance between the ranks is meaningful
same distance: 2019 to 2018 - 2018 to 2017 But no absolute zero point:
Western calendar = 2019
Islamic calendar = 1441
Buddhist calendar = 2562
SCALES OF MEASUREMENT:
CONTINUOUS - RATIO
CONTINUOUS - RATIO
Like interval scale, but there is
…Difference between the ranks is meaningful …a true zero
Many physical parameters are continuous-ratio:
weight, height, also your bank account
