Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Neuropharma Of CNS disorders > Intros > Flashcards

Intros Flashcards

1
Q

Stats

A

1 in 4 will experience mental health problem in course of a year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Horizontal

A

Across

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Coronal

A

Face | back of head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Sagital

A

Symmetry of face

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Dorsal superior

A

Top of brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Caudal posterior

A

Back of brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Ventral inferior

A

Bottom of brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Rostral anterior

A

Front of brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Central core

A

Diencephalon, thalamus - central relay centre for sensory and motor signals, associated with evolutionary stuff eg limbic system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Midbrain

A

Mesencephalon - basic processes eg sleep wake cycle, cardiovascular etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Brain stem

A

Rhombencepholon (hind brain - medulla, pons, cerrubella) - basic processes eg sleep wake cycle, cardiovascular etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Medulla oblongata

A

Part of brainstem, connects to spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Cerebellum

A

Motor learning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Ventricles

A

2 lateral, 3rd & 4th ventricles
Fluid filled
Continuous
Expand to take up empty space so show brain degeneration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Frontal lobe

A

Executive decision making
Prefrontal cortex
Primary motor cortex
Plans for movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Parietal lobe

A

Primary somatosensory cortex
Special provessong

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Occipital lobe

A

Primary visual cortex
Visual processing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Temporal lobe

A

Language, comprehension, memories, perceptions
Primary somatosensory cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Dissociation cortex

A

Primates
Interpreting info in environment, past experience and pass info to frontal lobe that integrate info and passed to motor cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Asymmetry between cerebral hemispheres

A

Left- linguistic
Right- spatial tasks
But good connectivity through corpus callosum (fibre tract)

21
Q

Schizophrenic brain structure

A

No asymmetry of brain function

22
Q

The thalamus

A

Central relay station for motor and sensory signals
Synapse so modification of info through circuits
Passed on to primary somatosensory cortex

23
Q

Reticular activating system

A

Non specific sensory info ascending monoamingeric tracts

24
Q

Thalamus and cortex

A

Thalamus provides all parts of neocortex, thalamus receives info from subcortical nuclei (striatum) from cortex
Circuit loop
Cortico-striatal tract (important for info of subcortical), filters input to cortex

25
Basal ganglia
Extrapyramidal motor control (cortex controlling voluntary movement and initiation,strength, suppression of movement) Nuclei: caudate and putamen (striatum), globus pallidus, substantia nigra (first to degenerate in Parkinson’s), subthalamic nuclei (lesions cause uncontrolled movement) , thalamus
26
Limbic system
Emotions and mood Eg, hippocampus, amygdala and hypothalamus As well as fornix, mammillary body, cingulate gyrus, ventral striatum
27
Amygdala
Adversive learning (fearful) Emotional response to face recognition Addiction and reward
28
Urbach-wiener disease
Calcium deposited in amygdala Cannot recognise emotions in facial expressions but can identify faces
29
Reticular formation
Aras- ascending reticular activating system to hypothalamus and thalamus, from hypothalamus to basal forebrain bundle. Diffuse inner action of brain
30
Example if catacholamine
Noradrenaline, adrenaline & dopamine Two HO to hexagon
31
Noradrenaline
Synthesised in locus cerrilious to Long axonal tracts - medial forebrain bundle, innervates limbic system and hypothalamus Rewarding behaviour
32
Noradrenergic tracts
Efferent pathways originate from locus coeruleus Nucleus in midbrain and part of reticular formation - arousal, sleep/wake cycle Axons- highly branched, largely unmyelinated Innervate limbic system and limbic areas of cortex Innervate areas controlling sensory input, key in perception and attention
33
Main dopamine pathways
Mesolimbic pathway , Mesocortical pathway - mood and schizophrenia Nigrostriatal pathway - first degenerates in Parkinson’s, inability to initiate movement Actuate nucleus from hypothalamus to median eminates releasing dopamine. Regulates secretion of prolactin Side effects to drugs due to interference in these pathways
34
Dopamine pathways simple
Dopamine nuclei- substantia nigra, ventral tegmemtal area, arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus Nigrostriatal pathway- motor control Mesolimbic and mesocortical - behaviour/mood
35
Serotonin / 5HT and pathways
Indolamine Synthesised in raphe nuclei Diffuse interaction but main in limbic regions Neuronal activity increases imediatedlu prior to and during periods of activity
36
Raphe nuclei
In medulla
37
Cholinergic pathways
Acetylcholine Long (signal between different regions of brain) and short (within local circuits) axonal projections
38
Nucleus basalis of meynert
Cognitive processing and memory Gives rise to long projections
39
Glutamate
Major transmitter in CNS Excitatory Eg transmitter in corticostriatal pathway (cortex influence on sun cortical systems)
40
GABA
Major transmitter in CNS Inhibitory GABA gates chlorine channels
41
Method for studying CNS
Imagining Indirect markers for changes in NT function Post mortem studies Genetic-linkage analysis Animal models
42
Imagine techniques
Computerised tomography (CT) - spatial resolution several mm MRI - resolution less than 1 mm FMRI - oxyhemoglobin has different magnetic resonance to deoxyhemoglobin PET & SPECT (radiolabelled isotopes) EEG & MEG
43
Diffusion tensor imaging
Mapping pathways and investigating aberrant connectivity Based on limited mobility of water in neurones
44
Indirect markers for changes in NT function
Relies on lvls of metabolites in cerebral fluid, plasma, urine, binding to platelets Eg Parkinson’s decreased DA, HVA & DOPAC
45
Post mortem studies on human brain
Eg radioligand binding (find receptors in tissues) But protein is labile so may degrade especially over time and patient may not be drug naive so different levels of NT eg dopamine receptors elevated on antipsychotic drugs
46
Genetics linkage analysis
Restriction fragment length polymorphisms RFLP - way enzymes cleave DNA (endonucleases) Different sizes DNA fragments compared by electrophoresis Gene hunting technique, traces patterns of disease
47
RFLPs
Inherited in mandelian manner Needs family pedigree Determines if disease and RFLP linked Worked to map gene mutation in huntingtons chorea Disadvantage in polygenic psychiatric disorders
48
Animal models
Mimic neuro chemical changes in disease Eg Parkinson’s, legion of striatum
49
Genomic approaches using animals
Same NT and signalling pathways Eg mice over expressing mutant AD related proteins Transgenic mice C.ellegans

Neuropharma Of CNS disorders (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions