introductory_persian_20160207192447 Flashcards
اسم
noun
فعل
verb
صفت
adjective
قید
adverb
حرف اضافه
preposition
ضمیر
pronoun (e.g. it, her, themselves)
اسم مرکب
compound noun (e.g. ice cream, blackboard)
عبارت
phrase (e.g. in the park, standing there, by means of)
جمله
sentence
حرف ربط
conjunction (e.g. and, otherwise, however)
الفبی فارسی
Persian alphabet
معملاً
usually
فعلاً
until now, as of yet, for the time being
ابداً
not ever, not at all
کلمات
words
گفتگو
dialogue
کتابی
literary
عامیانه
colloquial
بَرادَر
brother
سِتارِه
star, asterisk
دِرَخت
tree
گُل
flower, goal
مُشکِل
difficult, difficulty
گَلِّه
flock, herd
نَقّاش
painter, portraitist
اوّل
first
تَوَلُّد
birth, nativity, genesis
عمدتاً
mainly, mostly, primarily
حَتماً
surely, certainly
کَشتی
ship
کِشتی
you planted
کُشتی (emphasis on (koshTI)
wrestling
کشتی (emphasis on KOshti)
you killed
بخش
section
کتیبه
inscription
همان
the same (as)
صداها
phonemes
به همین دلیل
that is why
به ** اضافه شدن
to be added to something
تمرین کردن
to practice
دَندانپِزِشک
dentist
مهندس
engineer
مهندس الکترونیک
electronics engineer
مهندس مکانیک
mechanical engineer
مهندس شیمی
chemical engineer
استاد
teacher
وَکیل
lawyer
مُنشیسکتر
secretary
کارمند
employee
خلبان
pilot
رَانَنده
driver
پلیس
police
محققپژوهشگر
researcher, scholar
چشم پزشک
ophthalmologist
نَدِه-
-ere.g. writer = نویسنده
گر-
-er
پزشک
doctor
خودتان را معرفی کنید
introduce yourself
کجایی هَستید؟
where are you from (formal)?
لغت
word
معنی
meaning
نقش دستوری
part of speech (ex. noun, adjective, etc)
مثال
example
سلام
hello
خُداحافِظ –> shortened to جُدافِظ when speaking informally
goodbye
اسم \ نام
first name
فامیلی \ نام خانوادگی
last name
اسم شما چیست؟
what is your name?
اسم مَن ـــ است
my name is ___*NOTE: if your name ends with a vowel, the ast is pronounced “ast”. If your name ends with a consonant, you can pronounce it as “e/”.
من هم) خُوشوَقتَم)
(me too) it is nice to meet you
خانَم
Mrs/Miss/Ms
آقا
Mr
دُختار
girl, daughter
پِسَر
boy, son
چیست ؟
what is…?
هَمینطور \ هَم
also, too
چِطور
how, in what way?
کُجا
where?
وَقت
time
لَهجِه
accent
شیراز
Shiraz (a city in southern Iran)
اصفهان
Esfahan (a city in central Iran)
پِدَر
father
مادَر
mother
خواهَر
sister
بَرادَر
brother
بَچّه
child, baby
زَن
woman, wife
شوهَر
husband
دایی
uncle (maternal)
خالِه
aunt (maternal)
عَمو
uncle (paternal)
عَمِه
aunt (paternal)
دُختَر دایی
cousin (daughter of maternal uncle)
دُختَر خالِه
cousin (daughter of maternal aunt)
دختر عمو
cousin (daughter of paternal uncle)
دختر عمه
cousin (daughter of paternal aunt)
پسر دایی
cousin (son of maternal uncle)
پسر خاله
cousin (son of maternal aunt)
پشر عمو
cousin (son of paternal uncle)
پشر عمه
cousin (son of paternal aunt)
به
to
خانواده
household, family
وقتی
when (relative pronoun)
چیست
what?
ببخشید
excuse me
آیا
question marker
را
specific direct object marker
سه
three
یک
one
بزرگ
big, old
از آشنایی شما بسیار خوشوقتم
It’s very nice to meet you (lit. of the meeting of you I am very pleased to meet you)
معلم
teacher
من هم همینطور
me too, also (emphatic, lit. me too also)
کلمه پرسشی
question word
با
with
در
in
(شهر (-ها
city
تاریخی
historical
دلم
my heart
برای
for, in order to
(چند (تا
how many?
زندگی می کُنَد
he lives
هنوز
still (as in “he is still a child”)
با
with
مهندس
engineer
ساهتمان
construction
یکی از
one of…
فوُت کَرد
he passed away
درس می کند
he studies
کار می کند
he works
زند
he plays (i.e. an instrument)
امروز
today
مادر بزرگ
grandmother
پدربزرگ
grandfather
نَوِه
grandchild
من
I
تو
you (singular informal)
او
he/she
ما
we
شما
you (plural; formal singular)
آنها
they
مرد
man
سیاه
black
مو
hair
استاد
professor
عینک
glasses
خوب
well (adverb)
درس می دَهَد
he teaches
دانشگاه
university
خانه
house
دوست درم
I like, love
شده
present perfect tense marker
شهید
martyr
نقاشی می کند
s/he paints
تولد
birthday
بود
s/he was
زبان
language
(مدرسه (ج. مدارس ، مدرسها
school
می رود
s/he goes
ماشین
car
قدیمی
old
جدید
new
زیبا
beautiful
خوشهال
happy
بودن
to be
داشتن
to have
کِشوَر
country
پایتخت
capital city
مهربان
kind, nice
اضافهgive the rule
- add kasra to words, except those which end in long vowels which get a ی or a hamze on the ه- shows possession (like in Arabic)- used to connect adjectives to nouns- used after titles like agha and khanim + surname- NOT used after titles + first name- used between first name and surname- NOT used when first name ends in long vowel
مُسَنسالخورده
elderly (more polite than “old”)
همکار
coworker
آلمانی
German
ترکی
Turkish
ژاپنی
Japanese
چینی
Chinese
هلندی
Dutch
هندی
Indian
عربی
Arab
روسی
Russian
لهستانی
Polish
تایلندی
Thai
تو چند سال داری؟تو چند سالت است؟
how old are you (informal)?
شما چند سال دارید؟شما چند سالتان است؟
how old are you (formal)?
دانش
knowledge
علم
knowledge
جو
seeker
آموز
learner
مَند
something that is part of you
دانشجو
university student
دانشاموز
elementary or high school student
دانشمند
scholar
جا
place
تَر
wet
چَرا
why
حَل
solution
خوش
good, happy (denotes a state of being)
خوب
good (adjective)
راه
way
زَر
gold
ژاله
sleet, dew, also a name
سَر
hat
شاه
king
آب
water
غَم
sadness
فیل
elephant
قو
swan
کَر
deaf
کار
job
گَف
mistake (from french)
لَب
lip
موش
mouse
موش موش
affectionate term (lit. mouse mouse)
جان
dear (use after a name to denote affection, e.g. Noelia jan)
نان
bread
ولی
but
هَر
every
یک
one
آمّا
but
لکن
but
بیک
but
دوست
friend
نَه
no
(-بودَن (است ، بود
to be*note the special negation:present: نِیستpast: نَبود
(-داشتن (دار- ، داشت
to have*note the special negation:present: نَدارمpast: نَداشتم
(-ربتن (رو
to go
( -خوردن (خور- ، خورد
to eat
می \ نِمی
negation of the present tense for most verbs (except to be, to have)* placed before a simple verb, or between the two parts of a compound verb
غذا خوردم
to eat (food)
زمین خوردم
to fall (lit. to eat the floor/earth)
connections between words and possessive suffixes
- consonant endings: normal (e.g م ، -ی ، -است-)- words that end in ی or unpronounced ه = add an alif (ام ، -ای ، -است- )- words that end in ا or و (e.g. یم - -یی ، -است-)
دستور
order, command, speech/speaking
حدوداً
about, approximately
كسب اطلاعات بیشتر
to get more information
پایتخت
capital city
جستجو کردن
to search, research
معرفی کردن
to introduce
دلم برای ـــ تنگ شده است
I miss ____(lit. my heart has become tight for ___)
پارسال
last year
نماز خواندن
to pray
به ــــ نیاز داشتن
to need __
من برای (خواندن) به ___ عینک نیاز دارم
in order to (verb in infinitive), I need ____
پالتو
winter coat
قطب شمال
the Arctic
زبان
language
چینی
Chinese
پر کنید
fill
صدا
voice, sound
خوب
good
بسیار
very, much*note: - when used as the adverb “very”, goes BEFORE the noun. - when used as the adjective “many”, goes AFTER the noun.
ولی
but, yet, though
مرسی
thank you
ممنون
thank you (from arabic)
مُتَشَکِرَم
thank you (from arabic)
سباسگزارم
thank you (traditional persian, rarely used except by people against the government and by Persian purists)
خواهش می کنم
you’re welcome
تَمنا می کنم
my pleasure
تو شُغلَت چیست؟
what is your job?
تو به کاره هستی؟
what job do you do?
صُبح بخیر
Good morning!
عَصر بخیر
Good afternoon!
شَب بخیر
Good night!
صُبح
morning
ظُهر
noon
بَعد از ظُهر
afternoon
عَصر
late afternoon
غُروب
sunset
تا
until, so that
فَوت کرد
to die
شَب
night
اتاق
room
همه
everyone
(-خوابیدن (خواب
to sleep
امروز
today
برای
for, to
(-رفتن (رو
to go
بعضی ها
some (people)
دیروز
yesterday
تاریکی
darkness
زندگی می کند
to live
اینجا
here (lit. this place)
آنجا
there
دور
far
آن
that
مالِ من
mine
(-خواندن (حوان
to read, to study
این
this
خیلی
very; many
هَوَا
weather
سَرد
cold
گَرم
hot, warm
بَد
bad
غذا
food
رستوران
restaurant
بَدتَر
worse
بَدتَریِن
worst
روز
day
خوب
well; good
بِهتَر
better
بِهتَریِن
best
(دانشجو (-یان
university student
مُهَندِسِی
engineering
مَمنون
Thanks; grateful
رانندگی می کند
to drive
نمره
grade
دوست
friend
عُمران
civil (e.g. civil engineering)
مَحَبَتَان
kindness, love, affection
خوشا به حالتان
Good for you!
(-گفتن (گو
to say
مَعذِرَت خواستن (خواه) از
to apologize to
رِشتِه
major (in studies)
معذرت می خواهم
I’m sorry
استاد- اساتید- استادها- استادان
teacher (give three plurals)- most formal, only found in written- colloquial- more formal, but still can be said
NEGATION - نفی
- add “ن” to beginning of simple verb, ex:من دیروز به دانشگاه نرفتم- add it to verbal part of a compound noun, ex:ما در ایران زندگی نمی کینم- note that the نـ is pronounced /na/ BUT pronounced /ne/ before می- negative form of present tense of بودن is irregular- note that words like “never, no one, or nowhere” require a negative verb
irregular negation of بودن
نیستمنیستینیستنیستیمنیستیدنیستند
NOUNS: in sentences, agreement, definiteness - give general rules
- basically, adjectives force Persian nouns to be more specific (are you definite or indefinite? are you singular or plural?). Without an adjective, nouns can hide in generality as singular definite beings. - To start off, the noun describing something is definite, unlike English… UNLESS the noun is qualified by an adjective.Exs.من دانشجو هستم = I am a studentمن دانشجوی خوبی هستم = I am a good student.- the singular is used for plural subjects UNLESS the noun is qualified by an adjectiveExs.ما دانشجو هستیم = We are studentsما دانشجویان خوبی هستیم = We are good students.
هیچ وقت
never
هیچ کس
no one
هیچ جا
nowhere
ترین-
superlative ending- come before the noun WITHOUT ezafe
تر-
comparative ending- come after the noun with ezafe
adjectives: give rules
- positive and comparative adjectives come after the noun; noun has ezafeدانشگاهِ بددانشگاهِ بدتر- superlative adjectives come before the noun without ezafeبدترین دانشگاه
بسیار
very, much
بیشتر
more (comparative of بسیار)
بیشترین
most (superlative of بسیار)
یا
or
(-غذا خوردن (خور
to eat [food]
(-زمین خوردن (خور
to fall (lit. “to eat dirt”)
جایی که
where (relative pronoun)
خوشم می آید
I likeimpersonal construction, lit. “my good/pleasure comes”
وحشی
wild
بهترین دوست
best friend
قبرستان
cemetery
پرچم
flag
جنگ
war
کسانی
those (who)
(-کشته شدن (شو
to be killed
تحمیلی
imposed
جنگ تحمیلی
Iran-Iraq War (lit. “the imposed war”)
ه-
replacement for استexample: من است –> منه
خانوم
replacement for خانم
منم
replacement for من هم
خدافظ
replacement for خداحافظ
چند تا
more common than چند
بلدین
replacement for بلدید “you (pl. or formal) know”
و \ رو
replacement for direct object marker “را”
ببهشین
replacement for ببخشید
برین
replacement for بروید
ین -
replacement for ید -
ون -ex. میدون
replacement for ان -ex. میدان
کجاس
replacement for کجاست
یه
replacement for یک
دیقه
replacement for دقیقه
طول می کشه
replacement for طول می کشد
کِیُو \ کیرو
replacement for کی را
آرام
peace
تَندِیش
statue (more formal word, usually for a grander statue)
مُجَسَمِه
statue (general word)
ساز -
suffix for “maker of”
مجسمه ساز
sculptor
شاعر
poet
سال پیش …
X years ago
نویسنده
writer
حماسه
epic
ملی
national
آرامگاه
resting-place
در نزدیکی
near
(واقع بودن (است
located
(قرار دارد (دار
located
برای
in order to, for
برای کسب
in order to acquire
(اطلاعت (-ات
information
(-جستجو کردن (کن
search
(-زیستن (زی
to live= زندگی کردن
(حال (احوال
state of being
مرسی
thanks
مُتَشَکِرَم
thank you
فیلم
film
یعنی
means; that is to say
معنی
meaning
زبان
language
مَردُم
people
اُستان
province
کِشوَر
country
رُوستا
village
زیبا
beautiful
قَشَنگ
pretty
(-نِوِشتن (نویس
to write
شِعر
poem
گاه -
suffix denoting a place (ex. university, resting-place = دانشگاه ، آرامگاه
زَشت
ugly
شَمال
north
جُنوب
south
شَرق
east
غَرب
west
مَرکَز
center
رَنگ
color
سَبز
green
آبی
blue
قَرمِز
red
indicating respect: what do you change in the verb and pronoun?
pluralize! even when referring to a third person, you can do this.
زَرد
yellow
سفید
white
دَریا
sea
دَریاچِه
lake
اُقیانوس
ocean
شور
salty
شیرین
sweet
تَلخ
bitter
تُند
spicy
(-بخشیدن (بخش
to forgive, excuse
(-شِناختن (شناس
to know, to be acquainted with
(-دیدن (بین
to see
به نامه
entitled, by the name of
(-نام بریدن (بر
to name
جوان
young (adj), youngster (noun)
گُرَسنِه
hungry
ایشان
alternative pronoun for third person plural that is commonly used with a plural verb to refer to third person singular in polite conversation
object pronouns - give the rule
- normally used before the verb (ex. مرا ، ترا ، او را ، ما را ، شما را ، آنها را)- either followed by direct object marker or preceded by preposition indicating indirect object marker(ex. به من گفت ، به تو گفت)- in colloquial, normally added to the verb as a suffix( بخشیدم ، -ت ، -ش، -مان ، -تان ، -شان) - in compound verbs, the direct objective suffix is added to the NOMINAL PART(ex. Ali loves her = علی دوستش دارد)
تشویق کردن
to encourage
تکلیف
homework
تشنه
thirsty
انجام دادند
to carry out, perform
خسته
tired
(-دادن (ده
to give
دریای خزر
the Caspian Sea
فرانسوی
French
explain the difference:کتاب خواندمکتابی خواندمکتاب تو را خواندمکتاب جدیدی خواندمکتاب جدید را خواندمکتاب جدید تو را خواندم
I read booksI read a bookI read your bookI read a new bookI read the new bookI read your new book
basic order of a sentence
subject –> adverb of time –> object –> adverb of manner –> adverb of place –> verb*note that you can scramble these adverbs to emphasize their importance
مداد
pencil
کتابخانه
library
دَفتَر
office
با
with, by (e.g. I go to school by bus)
ـــ دیگرـــ آیندهـــ بعد
next (week/month/etc)
ـــ چیشـــ قبلـــ گذشته
last (week/month/etc)
(-بردن (بر
to take
(-خریدن (خر
to buy
فروشگاه
store
اسباب گشی
to move (houses)(lit. “to pull furniture”)
باز کردن
to open (something, e.g. a door)
سخنرانی
a speech
(-تمام شدن (شو
to finish
قاره
continent
کُدام
which?
ساده
easy, simple
همیشه
always
شُلوغ
busy, crowded
(-آوردن (آور
to bring
لطفاً
please
شَلوَار
pants, trousers
مورِدِ عَلاقِه
favorite
(-شدن (شو
to become
طوفانی
stormy
(-ریختن (ریز
to add, pour
نمک
salt
میوِه
fruit
آب میوه
fruit juice
دوا
medicine
غذاهای هندی
Indian food (lit. “foods”)
همسر
spouse
(-زدن (زن
to hit
پُر
full
سیزده به در
April 3rd, the thirteenth day of spring. All Iranians must go outside or they believe bad luck will befall them. Then they throw their wheat sprouts in the running water.
شُکُفه
blossoms
فاصله
distance
نیشابور
Nishabour (where Omar Khayyam was from)
عکس
picture, photograph
گرفته شدن
was taken (ex. a photograph)
پس از
after(ex. one week after Sizdabehzar = یگ هفته پس از سیزده به در)
پیش از
before
بعد از
after
قبل از
before
پس از
after
تا
until
از روی
over
علاوه براین
in addition
نُو
new
اولین
first
آخرین
last
جالب
interesting
نوروز
Noruz (Iranian new year, March 21st)
فروردین
Farvardin (first month of the Iranian year)
سُفره هفت سین
Haft-Sin (the Noruz table setting)
چهار شنبه سوری
last Tuesday night of the year in the Iranian calendar
سُفره
table cloth
جَشن
celebration, festival
آتَش
fire
بازی
game
آتَش بازی
fireworks
سِکِه
coin
سُماق
sumac
سِرکه
vinegar
لِباس
clothes
مِهمانی
party
هَمسَر
spouse
چیز
thing
حقوق
rights, salary, law (the subject)
هُنَر
art
