Introductory Reasoning

Question 1

If P, then Q
P
Therefore, Q

Answer 1

Modus Ponenons

Question 2

If P, then Q
Not P,
Therefore, not Q

Answer 2

Modus Tollens

Question 3

Make the square

Answer 3

UA
UN
PA
PN
A, E, I, O

(Some S are P) -> I

A-E contrary 
A-I Subalt 
E-O subalt 
I-O suncon
through the center in contradictory

Question 4

Mills Method of agreement

Disagreement

joint

Answer 4

All cases have a common factor to find the affect

Taking a factor away to find affect

joint is doing both

Question 5

Mills method of concommitment

residues

Answer 5

Con: adding/subtracting a variable and looking at the affect

Residues: If an antecedent factor is known to cause something, anything remaining of it is the cause of the effect

Question 6

Mutually exclusive

Jointly exhaustive

Answer 6

M: Cannot be more than one class at a time

J: when we add all the subgroups we get the total from subclasses

Question 7

(SD+)
P > Q
~Q
* ~P

Answer 7

MT

Question 8

(SD+)
P V Q
~P
* Q

Answer 8

Disjunctive Syllogism

Question 9

(SD+)
P > Q
Q > R
* P > R

Answer 9

Hypothetical Syllogism

Question 10

Nessesary/suffucent

Answer 10

N: HAS to be there
S: is ENOUGH

Question 11

Average
Median Average
Arthimatic average

Answer 11

Central value (single number)
Middle of the range
Sum of the values divided by the number of