Introductory Concepts in Physics Flashcards
What is measurement?
The art of comparing unknown values to a standard, or the accepted set of values for a particular quantity.
What can be used to quantitatively describe physical phenomena?
Physical variables such as time, temperature and length.
When measurements are made, the units serve as…
means to compare the measured value with the standard.
In the past until the first half of the 1900s, which international organization was known to establish the different standards of the different quantities?
Metric system
Then, in 1960, the organization was called SI, which stands for?
Systéme International d’Unités (SI) or the International System of Units
Then the new name of the organization (SI) was adopted by the…
11th General Conference on the Weights and Measures
There are ___ fundamental quantities and units in the SI, these are best remembered by the acronym _____
7; METTALL
FUNDAMENTAL QUANTITIES & UNITS:
M
Physical quantity: Mass
Unit: Kilograms (kg)
Definition: an international prototype kilogram made of platinum-iridium and is kept in the International Bureau of Weights and Measures in Sévres, France
FUNDAMENTAL QUANTITIES & UNITS:
E
Physical quantity: Electric current
Unit: Ampere (A)*
Definition: the current maintained in two straight wires, placed one meter apart in vacuum which produce a force of 2 x 10^-7 Newton per meter of length
FUNDAMENTAL QUANTITIES & UNITS:
Ti
Physical quantity: Time
Unit: Second (sec)
Definition: associated with the specified transition of Cesium-133 atom, during 9 192 631 770 cycles of microwave radiation are generated by the atom
FUNDAMENTAL QUANTITIES & UNITS:
Te
Physical quantity: Temperature
Unit: Kelvin (K)
Definition: The Kelvin Scale is named after physicist William Thomson (popularly known as Lord Kelvin) and is similar in intervals in the Celsius scale. Adding 273.15 to Celsius temperature reading will equal the measure in Kelvin Scale
FUNDAMENTAL QUANTITIES & UNITS:
A
Physical quantity: Amount of substance
Unit: mole (mol)
Definition: amount of substance contained in 0.012 kg of Carbon-12. One mole of substance containes 6.02 x 10^23 particles of atom
FUNDAMENTAL QUANTITIES & UNITS:
Le
Physical quantity: Length
Unit: meter (m)
Definition: defined as the distance traveled by light in vacuum in 1/ 299 792 458 second
FUNDAMENTAL QUANTITIES & UNITS:
Lu
Physical quantity: Luminous intensity
Unit: candela (cd)
Definition: the intensity of light produced by a vacuum emitting with a frequency of 540 x 10^12 cycle/second in a direction where the intensity is 1/683 Watt per sterdian
TRUE or FALSE:
No quantities can be taken from the combination of other quantities.
FALSE because “some quantities can be taken from the combination of other quantities.”
Examples of quantities that can be taken from the combination of other quantities are….
Area, volume acceleration, force and pressure or the acronym AVAFP
Formula for AREA
Area = product of two measures of length = (l x w) = (m x m) = m^2
Formula for VOLUME
Volume = product of three measures of length = ( l x w x h) = (m x m x m) = (m^3)
Formula for ACCELERATION
Acceleration = ratio between length or distance and the square of time = m/s/s = m/s^2
Formula for FORCE
Force = product of mass and area = (kg x m/s/s) = (kg x m/s^2) = Newton
Formula for PRESSURE
Pressure = ratio between force and area = Newton/m^2 = N/m^2
Scientific notation, _______ __________ ____ __________ made during measurements.
facilitates comparisons and computations
Generally, scientific notations can be expressed as: _______,
where M is the _______ following the condition: _______
M x 10^E; mantissa; 1 ≥ M > 10 (it can be equal to one but not less than 10)
The common definition of scientific notation.
Is a way of writing very small or large numbers