Introductions Flashcards
Loci
Specific location of an allele of a chromosome
Tissue
group of cells with a common function, structure or both
organs
consist of several types of tissues working together
Reproduction
Process by which an organism replicates itself, making a copy, a likeness, and thereby providing for the continued existence of a species.
Metabolism
The sum of all interrelated chemical process occurring in a living organism.
Genotype
The genetic information responsible for contributing to a phenotype
evolution
change in the heritable traits in a species over time
self pollinating
a plant capable of fertilizing it self
cross polinatng
A plant that cannot self fertilize
gene
unti of heredity that id transferred from a percent to offspring andishelf to determine some characteristic of the offspring
Photosynthesis
The process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water.
Cellular Respiration
A metabolic pathway that breaks down glucose and produces ATP
eukaryotes
cells with well define nucleus
prokaryote
cells with out a well define nucleus
Homozygous
A particular gene that has identical alleles on both homologous chromosomes. It is referred to by two capital letters.
heterozygous
Refers to a pair of genes where one is dominant and one is recessive.
Morphology
A branch of biology dealing with the study of the form and structure.
Cuticle
A water-impervious protective layer covering the epidermal cells of leaves.
Heterosporous
Produces two types of spores. Like in seed plants
Homosporous
Produces one type of spore
Integument
Layer of sporophyte tissue that contributes to the structure of an ovule of a seed plant
Ovule
A structure that develops within the ovary of a seed plant and contains the female gametophyte
Pollen
A fine powdery substance, typically yellow, consisting of microscopic grains discharged from the male part of a flower or from a male cone. Each grain contains a male gamete that can fertilize the female ovule, to which pollen is transported by the wind, insects, or other animals
Pollination
The transfer of pollen to the part of a seed plant containing the ovules, a process required for fertilization
Pollen Tube
A tube that forms after germination of the pollen grain and that functions in the delivery of sperm to the ovule
Fertilization
The union of haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote
Seed
An adaptation of some terrestrial plants consisting of an embryo packaged along with a store of food within a protective coat
Seed Coat
A tough outer covering of a seed, formed from the outer coat of an ovule. In a flowering plant, the seed coat encloses and protects the embryo and endosperm
Dormant
Alive but not actively growing
Germination
The process by which a plant grows from a seed
Sporophyll
A modified leaf that bears sporangia and hence is specialized for reproduction
Cone
Mass of scales or bracts, usually ovate in shape, containing the reproductive organs of certain nonflowering plants.
Pollen Cone
Are generally much smaller than ovulate cones; they contain many sporangia, each of which makes numerous haploid spores by meiosis.
Ovulate Cone
Female cone contains ovules which, when fertilized by pollen, become seeds
Flower In an Angiosperm, a specialized shoot with up to four sets of modified leaves, bearing structures that function in sexual reproduction
Sepal
A modified leaf in angiosperms that helps enclose and protect a flower bud before it opens
Petal
A modified leaf of a flowering plant. Petals are the often colorful parts of a flower that advertise it to insects and other pollinators
Stamen
The pollen producing reproductive organ of a flower consisting of an anther and a filament
Anther
In an angiosperm, the terminal pollen sac of a stamen, where pollen grains containing sperm-producing male gametophytes form
FIlament
In an angiosperm, the stalk portion of the stamen, the pollen producing reproductive organ of a flower
Carpel
The ovule-producing reproductive organ of a flower, consisting of the stigma, style and ovary
Stigma
The sticky part of a flowers carpel which receives pollen grain
Style
A long, slender stalk that connects the stigma and the ovary
Ovary
An ovary is a part of the female reproductive organ of the flower or gynoecium. Specifically, it is the part of the pistil which holds the ovule(s) and is located above or below or at the point of connection with the base of the petals and sepals
Pollinator
An agent that pollinates flower
Inflorescence
A group of flowers that are tightly clustered together
Coevolution
The joint evolution of two interacting species, each in response to selection imposed by the other
Fruit
A mature ovary of a flower. The fruit protects dormant seeds and often functions in their dispersal
Fleshy Fruit
a fruit consisting largely of soft succulent tissue
Dry Fruit
a fruit in which the pericarp is not succulent or pulpy
Double Fertilization
A mechanism of fertilization in angiosperms in which two sperm cells unite with two cells in the female gametophyte to form the zygote and endosperm
Embryo
A fertilized egg that has begun cell division, often called a pre-embryo
Endosperm
In angiosperms, a nutrient-rich tissue formed by the union of a sperm with two polar nuclei during double fertilization. The endosperm provides nourishment to the developing embryo in angiosperm seeds
Cotyledon
A seed leaf of an angisoperm embryo. Some species have one cotyledon, other two
