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Plant Biology, SASCS, AM > Introductions > Flashcards

Introductions Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Loci

A

Specific location of an allele of a chromosome

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2
Q

Tissue

A

group of cells with a common function, structure or both

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3
Q

organs

A

consist of several types of tissues working together

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4
Q

Reproduction

A

Process by which an organism replicates itself, making a copy, a likeness, and thereby providing for the continued existence of a species.

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5
Q

Metabolism

A

The sum of all interrelated chemical process occurring in a living organism.

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6
Q

Genotype

A

The genetic information responsible for contributing to a phenotype

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7
Q

evolution

A

change in the heritable traits in a species over time

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8
Q

self pollinating

A

a plant capable of fertilizing it self

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9
Q

cross polinatng

A

A plant that cannot self fertilize

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10
Q

gene

A

unti of heredity that id transferred from a percent to offspring andishelf to determine some characteristic of the offspring

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11
Q

Photosynthesis

A

The process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water.

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12
Q

Cellular Respiration

A

A metabolic pathway that breaks down glucose and produces ATP

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13
Q

eukaryotes

A

cells with well define nucleus

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14
Q

prokaryote

A

cells with out a well define nucleus

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15
Q

Homozygous

A

A particular gene that has identical alleles on both homologous chromosomes. It is referred to by two capital letters.

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16
Q

heterozygous

A

Refers to a pair of genes where one is dominant and one is recessive.

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17
Q

Morphology

A

A branch of biology dealing with the study of the form and structure.

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18
Q

Cuticle

A

A water-impervious protective layer covering the epidermal cells of leaves.

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19
Q

Heterosporous

A

Produces two types of spores. Like in seed plants

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20
Q

Homosporous

A

Produces one type of spore

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21
Q

Integument

A

Layer of sporophyte tissue that contributes to the structure of an ovule of a seed plant

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22
Q

Ovule

A

A structure that develops within the ovary of a seed plant and contains the female gametophyte

23
Q

Pollen

A

A fine powdery substance, typically yellow, consisting of microscopic grains discharged from the male part of a flower or from a male cone. Each grain contains a male gamete that can fertilize the female ovule, to which pollen is transported by the wind, insects, or other animals

24
Q

Pollination

A

The transfer of pollen to the part of a seed plant containing the ovules, a process required for fertilization

25
Q

Pollen Tube

A

A tube that forms after germination of the pollen grain and that functions in the delivery of sperm to the ovule

26
Q

Fertilization

A

The union of haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote

27
Q

Seed

A

An adaptation of some terrestrial plants consisting of an embryo packaged along with a store of food within a protective coat

28
Q

Seed Coat

A

A tough outer covering of a seed, formed from the outer coat of an ovule. In a flowering plant, the seed coat encloses and protects the embryo and endosperm

29
Q

Dormant

A

Alive but not actively growing

30
Q

Germination

A

The process by which a plant grows from a seed

31
Q

Sporophyll

A

A modified leaf that bears sporangia and hence is specialized for reproduction

32
Q

Cone

A

Mass of scales or bracts, usually ovate in shape, containing the reproductive organs of certain nonflowering plants.

33
Q

Pollen Cone

A

Are generally much smaller than ovulate cones; they contain many sporangia, each of which makes numerous haploid spores by meiosis.

34
Q

Ovulate Cone

A

Female cone contains ovules which, when fertilized by pollen, become seeds
Flower In an Angiosperm, a specialized shoot with up to four sets of modified leaves, bearing structures that function in sexual reproduction

35
Q

Sepal

A

A modified leaf in angiosperms that helps enclose and protect a flower bud before it opens

36
Q

Petal

A

A modified leaf of a flowering plant. Petals are the often colorful parts of a flower that advertise it to insects and other pollinators

37
Q

Stamen

A

The pollen producing reproductive organ of a flower consisting of an anther and a filament

38
Q

Anther

A

In an angiosperm, the terminal pollen sac of a stamen, where pollen grains containing sperm-producing male gametophytes form

39
Q

FIlament

A

In an angiosperm, the stalk portion of the stamen, the pollen producing reproductive organ of a flower

40
Q

Carpel

A

The ovule-producing reproductive organ of a flower, consisting of the stigma, style and ovary

41
Q

Stigma

A

The sticky part of a flowers carpel which receives pollen grain

42
Q

Style

A

A long, slender stalk that connects the stigma and the ovary

43
Q

Ovary

A

An ovary is a part of the female reproductive organ of the flower or gynoecium. Specifically, it is the part of the pistil which holds the ovule(s) and is located above or below or at the point of connection with the base of the petals and sepals

44
Q

Pollinator

A

An agent that pollinates flower

45
Q

Inflorescence

A

A group of flowers that are tightly clustered together

46
Q

Coevolution

A

The joint evolution of two interacting species, each in response to selection imposed by the other

47
Q

Fruit

A

A mature ovary of a flower. The fruit protects dormant seeds and often functions in their dispersal

48
Q

Fleshy Fruit

A

a fruit consisting largely of soft succulent tissue

49
Q

Dry Fruit

A

a fruit in which the pericarp is not succulent or pulpy

50
Q

Double Fertilization

A

A mechanism of fertilization in angiosperms in which two sperm cells unite with two cells in the female gametophyte to form the zygote and endosperm

51
Q

Embryo

A

A fertilized egg that has begun cell division, often called a pre-embryo

52
Q

Endosperm

A

In angiosperms, a nutrient-rich tissue formed by the union of a sperm with two polar nuclei during double fertilization. The endosperm provides nourishment to the developing embryo in angiosperm seeds

53
Q

Cotyledon

A

A seed leaf of an angisoperm embryo. Some species have one cotyledon, other two

Plant Biology, SASCS, AM (2 decks)

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