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ENS195 CHAPTER 4: INTRODUCTION TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT > INTRODUCTION TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT > Flashcards

INTRODUCTION TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT Flashcards

1
Q

Which developing country has the highest daily water consumption?

A

China

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2
Q

It is from groundwater infiltration and stormwater that enters from drains and manholes

A

Infiltration and inflow

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3
Q

It is a runoff from rainfall

A

Stormwater

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4
Q

It is a wastewater sources from industrial and chemical processing

A

Industrial

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5
Q

It is a wastewater sources from residences, commercial, and institutional facilities

A

Domestic (sanitary)

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6
Q

What are the three variations of wastewater flowrates?

A
  1. Short-term (diurnal): peaks at late morning and early evening
  2. Seasonal: e.g. resort areas, campuses
  3. Industrial: operation vs shutdown (cleanup)
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7
Q

A flowrate term that refers to the base for development of flow rate ratios and for estimating pumping, sludge quantities, and chemical costs; identification of sewers where flows will not achieve minimum velocities

A

Average daily

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8
Q

A flowrate term that refers to estimating turndown ratio for pumping facilities and low range for plant flow metering

A

Minimum hour

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9
Q

A flowrate term that refers to sizing of plant components (influent channels, biological treatments systems including recycle requirements for trickling filters)

A

Minimum day

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10
Q

A flowrate term that refers to selection of minimum operating units required during low flow periods (especially at start-up of new facility); scheduling shutdown for maintenance

A

Minimum month

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11
Q

A flowrate term that refers to sizing of sanitary sewers; sizing pumping facilities and channels; sizing of physical unit operators including bar racks and screens, grit chambers, sedimentation tanks, filters, and chlorine contact tanks

A

Peak hour

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12
Q

A flowrate term that refers to sizing equalization basins and sludge pumping systems

A

Minimum day

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13
Q

A flowrate term that refers to sizing chemical storage facilities

A

Minimum month

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14
Q

It is a flowrate measurement that measures gravity flow rate only and allows solids to pass without interfering with the measurement

A

Parshall Flume

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15
Q

It is a flowrate measurement other than Parshall flume.

A

V-notch weir

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16
Q

A stage of wastewater treatment under preliminary treatment which refers to collection, pumping and flow measurement.

A

Headworks

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17
Q

A stage of wastewater treatment which refers to removal of untreatable solid materials; protection of subsequent treatment units; and improvement of the performance of subsequent treatment units

A

Preliminary treatment

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18
Q

A stage of wastewater treatment which refers to removal of a significant fraction of organic particulate matter (as suspended solids) [typically 60% of SS and 35% BOD]. It also refers to removal of scum and inert particulate matter that was not removed in preliminary treatment.

A

Primary treatment

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19
Q

A stage of wastewater treatment which refers to degradation of the readily biodegradable BOD that escapes primary treatment and to provide further removal of suspended solids. It is often includes treatment of nitrogen and phosphorus.

A

Secondary treatment

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20
Q

A stage of wastewater treatment which refers to “advanced” treatment due to increasing loads of organic matter and suspended solids to rivers, streams, and lakes; the need to increase the removal of suspended solids to provide more efficient disinfection; the need to remove nutrients to limit eutrophication of sensitive water bodies; and the need to remove constituents that preclude or inhibit water reclamation.

A

Tertiary treatment

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21
Q

A stage of wastewater treatment which refers to collection of sludge from various processes; recovery of water (thickening and dewatering); and stabilization, conditioning and potential use as nutrient or energy source

A

Sludge treatment (Residuals Management)

22
Q

What are the three stages involve in preliminary treatment?

A
  1. Collection system
  2. Pump station
  3. Headworks
23
Q

It screens filter coarse objects such as paper, rocks and other debris

A

Grit vortex chambers

24
Q

It is a stage involve in primary treatment

A
  1. Primary clarifier
25
Q

What are the two stages involve in secondary treatment?

A
  1. Bioreactor
  2. Secondary clarifier
26
Q

What are the three stages involve in tertiary treatment?

A
  1. Disk filter
  2. UV disinfection
  3. Back to the river
27
Q

What are the 9 stages involve in sludge treatment?

A
  1. Gravity thickener
  2. Fermenter
  3. Digester
    4a. Biosolids settling
    4b. Biosolids dewatering
    5a. Biosolids transported off site
    5b. Composting facility
    6a. Biosolids beneficially land applied
    6b. Compost available for consumers
28
Q

It is the removal of materials which could damage equipment, reduce treatment effectiveness, or contaminate waterways.

A

Screening (coarse)

29
Q

It is a removal of materials which could damage equipment, or inhibit beneficial use of biosolids

A

Screening (fine)

30
Q

What are the 5 design considerations for screens?

A

Degree of screenings removal
H&S operators (pathogens, vectors)
Odor potential
Requirements for handling/transport
Disposal options

31
Q

What re the three classifications of screening?

A

Coarse screens (6 to 150 mm)
Microscreens (<0.6 um)
Fine screens (< 6 mm)

32
Q

Two categories of coarse screens

A

Hand cleaned
Mechanically cleaned

33
Q

Give the 4 categories of mechanically cleaned coarse screens

A
  1. Chain-driven
  2. Reciprocating rake
  3. Catenary
  4. Continuous belt
34
Q

Give the three categories of fine screens

A
  1. Static wedgewire
  2. Drum
  3. Step
35
Q

It is a coarse screening that may be cleaned manually or mechanically

A

Bar racks

36
Q

Its use is to prevent logs, stumps, and large heavy debris from entering treatment processes. Principally used in combined sewers ahead of pumping units. In WWTPs, frequently followed by coarse screens.

A

Trash racks

37
Q

Its use is to remove large solids, rags, and debris. Typically used in WWTP

A

Bar racks or coarse screens

38
Q

Its use is to remove small solids. Typically follows a coarse screen.

A

Fine screen

39
Q

Its use is to reduce suspended solids to near primary treatment level. Typically follow a coarse screen and/or fine screen. May be used when downstream processes do not include primary treatment.

A

Very fine screens

40
Q

It is used in conjunction with very fine screens for effluent polishing.

A

Microscreens

41
Q

It is an alternative to screening. Usually involves grinding and screening.

A

Coarse Solids Reduction (Comminutors, Macerators)

42
Q

It protect moving mechanical equipment from abrasion and abnormal wear; reduce formation of heavy deposits; reduce frequency of digester cleaning cause by grit accumulation; and it is usually placed between screens and primary sedimentation.

A

Grit removal

43
Q

It has a detention time of 2-5 minutes at peak hourly flow to achieve 95% removal.

A

Aerated grit chamber

44
Q

It has a detention time of 20-30 seconds at peak hourly flow

A

Vortex grit chamber

45
Q

It refers to damping of flowrate (and/or loading) variations to achieve constant or near constant conditions.

A

Flow equalization

46
Q

What are the pros and cons of flow equalization?

A

Pro: better performance of downstream units, minimize shock loads
Con: area required, odor control, additional costs

47
Q

It refers to removal of floating and suspended solids, using physical processes

A

Primary treatment

48
Q

What are the objectives of primary treatment?

A
  1. Remove suspended solids
  2. Organic solids also contain BOD
  3. Typically, remove 60% incoming solids, 35% of BOD
49
Q

What are the two components for primary sedimentation of primary treatment?

A
  1. Solids are removed from clarifier as sludge
  2. Hydraulic detention of 1 to 3 hours.
50
Q

It is a typical tank shape that usually have chain-driven scrapers to bring sludge to withdrawal trough in tank bottom, Typically, 3 m deep for water treatment. It has better hydraulic characteristics thus less short circuiting.

A

Rectangular tanks

51
Q

It is a typical tank shape that is less expensive since side walls can be shared. Its circular sludge collectors are trouble free, but corner sweeps are problematic. It has more weir length in corners which leads to non-uniform radial flow thus sludge collects in corners.

A

Square tanks

52
Q

It is a typical tank shape tht has its inflow at the center, outflow along the perimeter weir or radial collection troughs; circular rake arm to rake sludge to center or with suction pipes. Its depth is usually 3 m or more. It has lower capital cost than rectangular tank and its circular sludge sweep is relatively trouble-free.

A

Circular tanks

ENS195 CHAPTER 4: INTRODUCTION TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT (1 decks)

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