Introduction to Vascular Brain Injury Flashcards
1
Q
Ischemic stroke
A
- Blood Flow to the brain is blocked
- Blood clot
- Blocking Oxygen and lack of glucose
- Thrombus
2
Q
Hemorrhagic stroke
A
- Sudden bleeding in the brain
- Toxic blood can lead to cell death
*rupture of the vessel
3
Q
Cerebral Circulation consist of?
A
- Cerebral spinal
- Venous System
- Arterial System
4
Q
Circle of Willis
A
- Created from PCA, MCA and ACA
- reroute blood when there is an occlusion or loss of blood supply in one of the arteries
5
Q
Anterior circulation
A
- supplied by Internal Carotid artery, ACA, MCA
6
Q
Posterior circulation
A
- supplied by PCA, basilar artery and vertebral artery
7
Q
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
A
- Produced primarily in the lateral ventricles of brain in the chord plexus
- Purpose: Protection & Transportation
- Third ventricle to the Fourth ventricle to Subarachnoid space
8
Q
Area most Detrimental for stroke
A
- Brainstem, supported by basilar artery
9
Q
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
A
- Focal Brain Ischemia
- Not permanent brain infarction
- Caused by temporary blockage of blood flow *Usually in Carotid or vertebral Artery
- Most TIAs last less than 5 minutes
- No evidence on imaging on MRI of infarction
- ABCD2 Score: High risk of stroke score greater than 4
10
Q
Ischemic Stroke
A
- Focal Cerebral ischemia with permanent brain infarction
- Evidence on imaging and diffusion-weighted MRI
11
Q
Common causes of Ischemic stroke
A
- Thrombosis: Obstruction of a blood vessel by a blood clot formed locally
- Embolism: Obstruction of a blood vessel caused by blood clot coming from somewhere else in the body
- Systemic hypoperfusion: blood flow to the body is decreased (Watershed Zones at risk)
- Cerebral Venous sinus thrombosis: blood clot of the sinuses
12
Q
Ischaemic core
A
- Brain tissue destined to die
13
Q
Penumbra
A
- Salvageable brain area
14
Q
Intracerebral Hemorrhages (ICH)
A
- Hemorrhage that causes bleeding into the brain parenchyma
- Caused by uncontrolled risk factor
15
Q
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH)
A
- Bleeding into the subarachnoid space (between the arachnoid membrane and the pia matter)
- caused by AVN or aneurysm rupture
16
Q
Grading of SAH
A
