Introduction To Uloom-al-Quran

Question 1

What does Uloom mean?

Answer 1

Mufrad = ilm
إدراك شيء على ما هو عليه إدراكا جازمة
To precieve something as it is with certainty
There has to be a correct perception where you’re certain of, then you can say you have knowledge of something

Question 2

In what categories can we categorize ilm?

Answer 2

Knowledge is categorized into 2
1. Theoretical knowledge
2. Practical knowledge

علم المظري = Knowledge that is known by looking and perceiving things.
علم ضوروري = knowledge known that one knows out of necessity and naturally

Question 3

What is the difference between ilm and marifa?

Answer 3

المعرفة = تسبقه الجهل
Ignorance precedes it.
With ilm not. They can be used interchangibly though.

Question 4

What is the linguistic meaning of Qur’ān?

Answer 4

القرآن
Linguistic meaning
Taken from the rootword:
قرأ = To recite

Evidence
7:204

‎وَإِذَا قُرِئَ ٱلْقُرْءَانُ فَٱسْتَمِعُوا۟ لَهُۥ وَأَنصِتُوا۟ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُرْحَمُونَ

Question 5

What is the technical definition of Quran?

Answer 5

اصطلاحا technically
القرآن
= كلامُ الِله منزلُ على نبيه محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم المتعبدُ بتلتوتهِ المعجزُ بأقصر صورهِ
The speech of Allah that has come down on his prophet and we worship Allah by reciting it,Allah challenged with the shortest surah in it.

Question 6

What do Uloom al Quran mean together?

Answer 6

• Any information that falls under the Qur’an
• the sciences are all interconnected.

Question 7

What are all names of this science?

Answer 7

Ilmu Quran
Ilm/Uloom al kitaab
Ilm/uloom at tanzil

Question 8

When did uloom al Quran start and with what types did it start?

Answer 8

The beginning of uloom al Qur’ān stsrted the moment the Quran first came down.
Surah al Alaq 1-5

The type of uloom al Quran that started with this beginning:
1. The descent of the Quran. نزول القرآن
2. The recitation of the Quran. قرأة القران Jibreel told the prophet iqra.
3. The revelation. الوحي

Question 9

What is تدوين علوم القرآن ? And how should we go about dividing it?

Answer 9

تدوين علوم القرآن
The documenting/authorship of uloom al Qur’ān can be divided into stages, what are they:

1. The time the Qur’ān came down until the ending of the first century (200H).
   - the bulk of it is narrations taken orally. But there were also authorships, categorized in different categories.
   2.The second stage: 3rd century until 794H.
   this time has distinct qualities:
   - Authors of the books of tafsir intended to organize it in terms of topics of Uloom al Quran (القراءات او احكام او الاعراب)
   - The emergence of books that collected various types of Quranic sciences:
2. Third stage الجمع الكلي from kitab al burhan (869H) from zarkashi until kitab al itqan from suyuti (911H)
3. 4th stage ما بعد الإتقان
   - After suyuti kitab al itqan there wasnt done anything newmore excEpt for a few.

Question 10

The first stage of tadwin al Quran has authorships, categorize them all in different categories:

Answer 10

1. الروايات التفسير
   Narrations of tafsir
2. الكتابات الجزئية للتفسير
3. الكتابة الشاملة لجميع القرآن
   Tafsir that’s comprehensive, the entirety of the Quran.
4. كتب مفردة في نوع من أنواع علوم القرآن
   - المكي و المدني
   - الناسخ و المنسوخ
   - المتشابهات

Question 11

What categories can we categorize Uloom al Quran?

Answer 11

In three categories:
1. ما يتعلق بلفظه: القراءات و التجويد
2. ما يتعلق بمعناه: التفسير و الوقف و الإبتداء
3. ما يتعلق بشكله: علم رسم المصحف و علم عد الآي.

Question 12

What is The difference between uloom al Quran and usool at tafsir?

Answer 12

The term uloom al Quran is very general and a lot of things fall under it. As fot Usool at tafsir is in the category of tafsir. So it is a subcategory in the subcategory of uloom al Quran and goes over principles connected to tafsir.

Question 13

What categories can we categorize Uloom al Quran?

Answer 13

In three categories:
1. ما يتعلق بلفظه: القراءات و التجويد
2. ما يتعلق بمعناه: التفسير و الوقف و الإبتداء
3. ما يتعلق بشكله: علم رسم المصحف و علم عد الآي.

Question 14

Where and how did the first time revelation come the the prophet
صلى الله عليه وسلم

Answer 14

Jibreel came to the prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم with the speech of Allah, the Qur’an. He came to the prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم on the mount Hira. This was the beginning of the Qur’an coming down. He took the Quran from mouth of jibreel directly, so jibreel taught the prophet and he memorized it.

Question 15

What is the linguistic definition of wahyi?

Answer 15

الوحي:
لغةً:
و ح ي (ي = حرف معتل)
to give knowledge hidden,
The rootword has come in the Quran more than hundred times.

Question 16

What types of wahy are there?

Answer 16

3 types of wahy
1. Allah throws his speech to the prophet in a way that is unknown
2. Allah talks to the prophet from behind a veil
3. Allah sends a messenger from the angels (Jibreel) to the prophet and reads it unto him because Allah commanded him to do so.

Question 17

In what language did revelation come to the prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم ?

Answer 17

Jibreel came down to the prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم with Arabic

Question 18

كيفية الوحي
How was the prophet when he was receiving the revelation?

Answer 18

Sahih Muslim 2333 b
‘A’isha reported that Harith b. Hisham asked Allah’s Apostle (ﷺ):
How does the the wahi (inspiration) come to you? He said: At times it comes to me like the ringing of a bell and that is most severe for me and when it is over I retain that (what I had received in the form of wahi), and at times an Angel in the form of a human being comes to me (and speaks) and I retain whatever he speaks.
1. Meaning a very loud bell/noise
2. An angel in the form of an human being.

Question 19

75:16
لَا تُحَرِّكْ بِهِۦ لِسَانَكَ لِتَعْجَلَ بِهِۦٓ ١٦
75:17
‎إِنَّ عَلَيْنَا جَمْعَهُۥ وَقُرْءَانَهُۥ
What did Abdullah ibn Abbas say regarding these verses?

Answer 19

Abdullah ibn Abbas said that the prophet felt hardship from the revelation and would move his lips because it was heavy on him. So he’d learn it quickly. It was strange for the companions and hard on the prophet.

Question 20

Was the revelation hard on the prophet?

Answer 20

Yes,
Sahih Muslim 2332
Umm Sulaim reported that Allah’s Apostle (ﷺ) visited her house and (took rest) and she spread a piece of cloth for him and he had had a siesta on it. And he sweated profusely and she collected his sweat and put it in a perfume and in bottles. Allah’s Apostle (ﷺ) said:
Umm Sulaim, what is this? She said: It is your sweat, which I put in my perfume. Allah’s Apostle (ﷺ) sweated in cold weather when revelation descended upon him.

Question 21

Did revelation only come down for the Quran?

Answer 21

Not only for the Quran this would be the case, also with regards to fiqh questions. Which shows the sunnah was also wahyi from Allah.

Ya’la b. Umayya reported on the authority of his father (Allah be pleased with them) that a person came to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) as he was at Ji’rana and he (the person) had been putting on a cloak which was perfumed, or he (the narrator) said:

There was a trace of yellowness on it. He said (to the Holy Prophet): What do you command me to do during my Umra? (It was at this juncture) that the revelation came to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and he was covered with a cloth, and Ya’la said: Would that I see revelation coming to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ). He (Hadrat ‘Umar) said: Would it please you to see the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) receiving the revelations ‘Umar lifted a corner of the cloth and I looked at him and he was emitting a sound of snorting. He (the narrator) said: I thought it was the sound of a camel. When he was relieved of this he said: Where is he who asked about Umra? When the person came, the Prophet (ﷺ) said: Wash out the trace of yellowness, or he said: the trace of perfume and put off the cloak and do in your ‘Umra what you do in your Hajj.
حَدَّثَنَا شَيْبَانُ بْنُ فَرُّوخَ، حَدَّثَنَا هَمَّامٌ، حَدَّثَنَا عَطَاءُ بْنُ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ، عَنْ صَفْوَانَ، بْنِ يَعْلَى بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ، - رضى الله عنه - قَالَ جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَهُوَ بِالْجِعْرَانَةِ عَلَيْهِ جُبَّةٌ وَعَلَيْهَا خَلُوقٌ - أَوْ قَالَ أَثَرُ صُفْرَةٍ - فَقَالَ كَيْفَ تَأْمُرُنِي أَنْ أَصْنَعَ فِي عُمْرَتِي قَالَ وَأُنْزِلَ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم الْوَحْىُ فَسُتِرَ بِثَوْبٍ وَكَانَ يَعْلَى يَقُولُ وَدِدْتُ أَنِّي أَرَى النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَقَدْ نَزَلَ عَلَيْهِ الْوَحْىُ - قَالَ - فَقَالَ أَيَسُرُّكَ أَنْ تَنْظُرَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَقَدْ أُنْزِلَ عَلَيْهِ الْوَحْىُ قَالَ فَرَفَعَ عُمَرُ طَرَفَ الثَّوْبِ فَنَظَرْتُ إِلَيْهِ لَهُ غَطِيطٌ - قَالَ وَأَحْسِبُهُ قَالَ - كَغَطِيطِ الْبَكْرِ - قَالَ - فَلَمَّا سُرِّيَ عَنْهُ قَالَ ‏ “‏ أَيْنَ السَّائِلُ عَنِ الْعُمْرَةِ اغْسِلْ عَنْكَ أَثَرَ الصُّفْرَةِ - أَوْ قَالَ أَثَرَ الْخَلُوقِ - وَاخْلَعْ عَنْكَ جُبَّتَكَ وَاصْنَعْ فِي عُمْرَتِكَ مَا أَنْتَ صَانِعٌ فِي حَجِّكَ ‏”‏ ‏.‏
Reference : Sahih Muslim 1180a

Question 22

Did the angel come to him in the form of a human being with the revelation of the Quran or other than that?

Answer 22

Some scholars said; if the angel comes in the image of a man then not the revelation of the Quran.

Question 23

We mentioned 2 ways of the wahi coming down on the prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم ، are there any other ways?

Answer 23

TBC

Question 24

What are the types of revelation in the Quran?

Answer 24

أنواع الوحي في القرآن
الوحي إلى الأنبياء 1.
Revelation to the prophets. Which can be direct and indirect.
وحي الله لغير أنبيائه من البشر2.
Wahi from Allah to human beings other that the prophets. E.g. The mother of musa.
وحي الله إلى الملائكة3.
Wahi from Allah to the angels.
4.Wahi to creation that are not human beings e.g. To the bees in surah nahl and to the sky & earth