Introduction to tissues Flashcards
what are the 4 types of primary tissues in the body?
epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous
what is histology?
the study of cells and tissues
give examples of complex molecules
proteins, amino acids, lipids, dna
describe the level of organisation
simple elements/atoms –> complex molecules –> cell organelles –> cells –>. tissues –> organs –> systems –> organism
what is gross anatomy?
use of dissections and naked eye
what is microscopic anatomy?
use of histological preparations and microscope
what is microscopic anatomy?
use of histological preparations and microscope
what is pathology?
disease process
what is physiology?
normal function
what is anatomy?
normal structure
what is the resolving power of the light microscope?
0.2 micrometre
x1500 magnification
how does TEM work?
uses high velocity electrons in a vacuum
give an advantage of TEM
see very small structures
cell membrane, filaments, ribosomes
what’s the resolving power of TEM?
0.2-0.35nm
what is a blastocyst?
cell mass 1 week after fertilisation
what is a bilaminar embryonic disc?
cell mass 2 weeks after fertilisation
what are the 3 primary germ layers?
ectoderm
mesoderm
endoderm
what is a germ layer?
a group of cells in an embryo
what is the most abundant and widely distributed type of tissue in the body?
connective
where is connective tissue derived from?
the mesodermal layer of the embryo
what is the function of CT?
provides mechanical and metabolic support
what are component of CT?
cells and ECM
what are types/subdivisions of CT?
loose areolar, dense, reticular
adipose
cartilage and bone
blood and lymph
give examples of components of loose CT
fibroblasts and adipocytes
give examples of components of skin
loose and dense CT, collage fibres
give the origin of epithelial tissue
all 3 embryonic germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm
what are the 2 groups of epithelium?
- covering/lining or surface epithelia
eg. oral cavity, skin, vagina, respiratory tract, alimentary tract - glandular epithelia
sebaceous, salivary and mammary glands, endocrine and exocrine glands
give the types of surface epithelia
simple squamous
stratified squamous
simple cuboidal epithelium
simple columnar epithelium
simple columnar ciliated epithelium
psuedostratified columnar ciliated epithelium
transitional
where is simple squamous epithelium found?
(small blood vessel),
where is stratified squamous epithelium found?
(skin, mouth, vagina)
where is simple cuboidal epithelium found?
(salivary gland ducts, kidney tubules)
where is simple columnar epithelium found?
(stomach, intestine, gall bladder)
where is simple columnar ciliated epithelium found?
(Fallopian tube)
where is psuedostratified columnar ciliated epithelium found?
(respiratory tract)
where is transitional epithelium found?
(urinary tract, bladder)
where does muscle tissue originate?
mesodermal layer of embryo
what is the function of muscle tissue?
produce movement
give types of muscle fibres
skeletal/striated, cardiac, smooth
look up pictures of skeletal, cardiac, smooth muscle
why is it called skeletal muscle?
its attached to the skeleton
how long is skeletal muscle?
long
give features of skeletal muscle
striated appearance
multinucleated
which nervous system controls skeletal muscle?
somatic
under voluntary control
which nervous system controls smooth muscle?
autonomic
give features of smooth muscle
uninucleated
not very long
what is a feature of cardiac muscle not found in smooth and skeletal?
its branched
where is smooth muscle found?
walls of hollow visceral orgaans
eg. liver, pancreas, intestine, EXCEPT the heart
under involuntary control
what is the origin of nerve tissue?
ectoderm of the embryo
what is the function of nerve tissue?
generate and conduct electric impulse
what are components of nerve tissue?
neurons/nerve cells- excitable cells (can initiate an impulse)
nerve fibres- axons and dendrites (conducting channels of the impulse)
neuroglia- supportive cells (support neurones)
