introduction to tissue

Question 1

Functions of epithelial tissue

Answer 1

-Protection
-Absorbtion (small intestine)
-Secretion (glands)
-Transport (kidney tubules)
-Excretion (sweat glands)
-Sensory reception (taste buds)

Question 2

Name four major classes of tissues.

Answer 2

-Epithelial
-Connective
-Muscle
-Nervous

Question 3

Name epithelial tissue junctions. (Or junction complexes)

Answer 3

-Tight junctions (cell membrane fused, leakproof, ex: bladder)
-Spot desmosomes (stress retention, ex: skin)
-Gap junction (very leaky, ex: intestinal epithelial cells)

Question 4

What are the sharing characteristics of epithelial tissues?

Answer 4

-Avascular
-Composed of cells closely packed together
-Little extracellular material between the cells.
-Most have a basement membrane they are anchored to (except for transitional).

Question 5

What does the spot desmosomes junction look like?

Answer 5

Spot desmosomes are junctions with no direct contact between adjacent plasma membranes of the cell. Instead, the plasma membranes are joined together by a criss-crossed network of intercellular filaments. Spot desmosomes are common in the skin, where stress is constantly being applied to the junctions.

Question 6

The basement membrane of epithelial tissue consists of:

Answer 6

-A basal lamina (homogenous layer of peptides and glycoproteins, lacking fibers)
-A deeper layer (glycoproteins containing reticular and collagenous fibers)

Question 7

The terms basement membrane and basal lamina are synonyms. True/False

Answer 7

False

Question 8

Give one example of an organ with simple squamous epithelium. Name a function.

Answer 8

-Glomerular (kidney),
-Alveoli (diffusion: oxygen in the lungs)

Question 9

Stratified Squamous epithelium example. Function.

Answer 9

Skin. Protection.

Question 10

An example of simple cuboidal epithelium. Main Function.

Answer 10

-Lining of many glands (secretion of sweat)
-Kidney tubules (absorption of fluids)

Question 11

An example of Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium, Main function.

Answer 11

Ducts of sweat glands
(secretion)

Question 12

An example of Simple Columnar Epithelium organ. Main Function.

Answer 12

-Stomach (protection)
-Intestines (with microvilli for absorption).

Question 13

An example of Stratified Columnar Epithelium. Main Function.

Answer 13

Main location- moist surfaces.
-Nasal surface of the soft palate
(secretion of saliva)
-Urethra (movement of material)

Question 14

Pseudostratified (Ciliated) Columnar Epithelium Organ Example.Main Function.

Answer 14

Trachea (movement of substances, like mucus).

Question 15

Locations of transitional epithelium. Main function.

Answer 15

-Urinary Bladder
Allows structures to change shapes.

Question 16

3 basic components of connective tissue.

Answer 16

1. Specialized cells
2. Protein fibers
3. Ground substance

Question 17

Main function of connective tissue

Answer 17

-Support & protection
(Protect delicate organs, interconnect other tissue types)
-Transportation of materials
(Blood moves around the materials)
-Storage of energy reserves.
-Defense of the body
(cell-to-cell interaction to produce antibodies)

Question 18

Classification of Connective Tissue

Answer 18

1. Connective tissue proper
2. Fluid connective tissue
3. Supporting connective tissue

Question 19

Loose (areolar) connective tissue main location. Main functions.

Answer 19

Breasts (store lipids)

Question 20

Loose connective tissue main functions.

Answer 20

• Fill spaces b/w organs
  -Provide cushioning and support epithelia
  -They anchor blood vessels and nerves
  -They store lipids
  -Separate the skin from muscle, providing padding
  -The ample blood supply, carrying to and from tissues.

Question 21

Melanocyte is the cell responsible for …

Answer 21

Skin color (the pigment release, not the number of cells)

Question 22

Example of location of dense regular connective tissue. Its main function.

Answer 22

Ligaments. Contain protein elastin. They recoil, as made branched and wavy. Provides firm attachment.

Question 23

Dense irregular connective tissue. Features. Location. Main function.

Answer 23

Deep dermis (skin). Contains an interwoven meshwork of collagen fibers. This provides structural support to areas subjected to stresses from many directions.
-Provides protection

Question 24

Structured abnormalities, such as long arms, legs and fingers is the sign of what syndrome?

Answer 24

Marfan’s syndrome

Question 25

Name 4 types of cells of connective tissue proper.

Answer 25

1. Fibroblasts (most abundant)
2. Macrophages
   (can mobilize the immune system)
3. Fat cells (adipocytes)
4. Mast cells
   (mobile, defensive activities after the injury or infection)