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introduction to theories Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what theory did durkheim create?

A

the holistic, functionalist theory of biological analogy

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2
Q

what does holistic mean?

A

looking at the bigger picture

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3
Q

what is the definition of biological analogy?

A

comparing one thing to another

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4
Q

what is studied the same as society in biological analogy?

A

the human body

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5
Q

define norms & values

A

an agreement , a social contract

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6
Q

define norms

A

expected behaviour/behavioural patterns

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7
Q

define values

A

morals behind norms

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8
Q

name the two weaknesses in functionalism

A
  • looking at society through rose tinted glasses (too positive and unrealistic)
  • homogeneous grouping
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9
Q

what does homogenous grouping mean?

A

generalising and stereotyping people into groups

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10
Q

what is a strength to functionalism?

A

always give a lot of evidence to back their views up

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11
Q

who was karl marx?

A

a holistic sociologist writer

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12
Q

what theory did marx create?

A

dialectic materialism

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13
Q

what does dialectic materialism mean?

A

the conflict between two classes

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14
Q

what did marx believe?

A
  • that capitalism is at the heart of society
  • ideological functions teach the people to be workers and be happy being working class
  • the ruling class controls the working with money
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15
Q

what are criticisms of marx?

A
  • homogeneous grouping

- economically deterministic theory

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16
Q

what are the ideological functions?

A

family and education

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17
Q

what does economically deterministic mean?

A

everything ever is controlled by money or the economy

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18
Q

what was the liberal feminist view?

A

holistic and patriarchal

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19
Q

what does patriarchy mean?

A

society is ruled by men

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20
Q

what did the liberal feminists believe?

A

that society needed to be reformed and changed for the better of women

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21
Q

how did liberal feminists show the progress of society?

A

the march of progress

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22
Q

what happened in 1918?

A

the legalisation of women with specific requirements to vote

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23
Q

what happened in 1928?

A

legalisation of all women to vote

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24
Q

what happened in 1967?

A

the abortion act

25
Q

what happened in 1969?

A

the divorce act

26
Q

what happened in 1970?

A

the equal pay act

27
Q

who was parsons?

A

a holistic sociologist

28
Q

what theory did parsons create?

A

structural-functional

29
Q

what did the structural-functional theory believe?

A
  • that every person had a specific job role
  • balance is needed for society to function
  • rapid change causes society to crumble
30
Q

define structural-functionalism

A

looking at society from a macro level and not at individuals

31
Q

what is a manifest function

A

the intended function of an institution

32
Q

what is a latent function

A

the unintended consequences of a manifest function

33
Q

what two key things keep society moving and balanced

A

social facts and institutions

34
Q

define an institution

A

things created to make sure society progresses at a stable rate

35
Q

define social facts

A

things like laws that have persuasive effects over individuals

36
Q

what were the two functions of the family to parsons

A

primary socialisation and stabilisation of adult personalities

37
Q

define primary socialisation

A

teaching children norms and values of society

38
Q

what are examples of primary socialisation

A

toilet training and gender role socialisation

39
Q

what role is believed boys should take on?

A

the instrumental role

40
Q

what role is believed girls should take on?

A

the expressive role

41
Q

describe these two roles

A 
instrumental = go to work and make  money
expressive = housework and raising children
42
Q

what does the stabilisation of adult personalities mean ?

A

creating emotional stability in a married couple

43
Q

what is an example of this

A

the warm bath theory

44
Q

what does the warm bath theory show

A

that a woman should take care of her husband after work, as working life for a man is stressful

45
Q

what was believed to be reduced through the warm bath theory

A

conflict between working men and therefore society

46
Q

how is stabilisation of adults achieved

A

conforming to gender roles

47
Q

what theory did murdoch create

A

the theory of the four family functions

48
Q

what were these four family functions

A

sexual, economic , reproductive and educational

49
Q

what was the purpose of the sexual function

A
  • to create a stable and monogamous sexual relationship
  • resist sexual urges outside of marriage
  • promotes heterosexuality
50
Q

what was the purpose of the economic function

A
  • for the man to make enough money to provide for the family

- woman does unpaid house labour

51
Q

what was the purpose of the reproductive function

A
  • society would not continue or progress without a next generation
  • stops societal stagnation
52
Q

what was the purpose of the educational function

A
  • teaches the young norms & values
  • socialisation of chilren
  • gendered norms & values so children learn their jobs and make a working society
53
Q

what are criticisms of murdoch

A
  • gendered roles are not progressive in todays society
  • research shows that sonme societies dont have the family institution
  • other institutions could easily perform these functions
54
Q

what does universal mean

A

something done by all people or things in the world

55
Q

what does the universal family mean

A

that the family is a worldwide institution

56
Q

how does murdoch define the family

A

‘social groups characterised by common residence, economic co-operation, and reproduction’

57
Q

how many societies did murdoch study where there was a family institution

A

250

58
Q

what are criticisms of the universal family theory

A
  • murdoch could not have studied all societies, therefore some may not have the family institution
  • some small communities will raise children as group, goes against one of murdoch’s definitions of a family

Sociology (14 decks)

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