Introduction to the Respiratory System Flashcards
__________________ secreted from the nasal mucosa traps small particles.
Mucus
The ______________ transports air from the laryngeal pharynx to the bronchi and lungs.
Trachea
Stimulating the carina causes ______________.
Coughing
The _______________ are extensions of the nasal cavity located in the surrounding facial bones.
Paranasal sinuses
The _____________ contains the adenoids and openings of the eustachian tubes.
Nasopharynx
The _____________ are paired elastic structures enclosed by the thoracic cage that contains the alveoli.
Lungs
_____________ are discrete sounds that result from the delayed opening of deflated airways.
Crackles
_______________ are heard between the trachea and the upper lungs.
Bronchovesicular sounds
The external nose is supported by cartilage and __________________.
Nasal bones
These fine hairs move the mucus to the back of the throat. This movement helps prevent irritation and contamination of the lower airway.
Cilia
This is an important structure in the larynx; it is a cartilaginous valve flap that covers the opening to the larynx during swallowing.
Epiglottis
These cells are located within the epithelium of the alveoli; they destroy foreign material such as bacteria.
Type III cells
These bones change the flow of inspired air to moisturize the air and to warm it better.
Turbinates
The area of the pharynx that contains the tongue.
Oropharynx
The ratio that indicates the effectiveness of airflow within the alveoli and the adequacy of gas exchange within the pulmonary capillaries.
Ventilation/perfusion ratio (V/Q ratio)
Gravity, alveolar pressure, and pulmonary artery pressure affect this.
Pulmonary perfusion
These are categorized as crackles or wheezes.
Adventitious breath sounds
This portion of the upper airway protects the lower airway from foreign objects because it facilitates coughing.
Larynx
Describe the flow of air once it enters the right and left mainstem bronchi.
The right and left mainstem bronchi divide into three secondary right bronchi and two secondary left bronchi. Each secondary bronchus supplies air to the three right lobes and two left lobes of the lung. The bronchi enter each lobe and continue to branch and form smaller bronchi and finally terminal bronchioles.
Where is the site of oxygen and CO2
Alveoli are small clustered sacs that begin where the bronchioles end. Each alveolus consists of a single layer of squamous epithelial cells. Capillaries surround these thin-walled alveoli and are the site of exchange of oxygen and CO2.
What does alveolar respiration determine?
Alveolar respiration determines the amount of CO2 in the body.
