Introduction to the Respiratory System

Question 1

__________________ secreted from the nasal mucosa traps small particles.

Answer 1

Mucus

Question 2

The ______________ transports air from the laryngeal pharynx to the bronchi and lungs.

Answer 2

Trachea

Question 3

Stimulating the carina causes ______________.

Answer 3

Coughing

Question 4

The _______________ are extensions of the nasal cavity located in the surrounding facial bones.

Answer 4

Paranasal sinuses

Question 5

The _____________ contains the adenoids and openings of the eustachian tubes.

Answer 5

Nasopharynx

Question 6

The _____________ are paired elastic structures enclosed by the thoracic cage that contains the alveoli.

Answer 6

Lungs

Question 7

_____________ are discrete sounds that result from the delayed opening of deflated airways.

Answer 7

Crackles

Question 8

_______________ are heard between the trachea and the upper lungs.

Answer 8

Bronchovesicular sounds

Question 9

The external nose is supported by cartilage and __________________.

Answer 9

Nasal bones

Question 10

These fine hairs move the mucus to the back of the throat. This movement helps prevent irritation and contamination of the lower airway.

Answer 10

Cilia

Question 11

This is an important structure in the larynx; it is a cartilaginous valve flap that covers the opening to the larynx during swallowing.

Answer 11

Epiglottis

Question 12

These cells are located within the epithelium of the alveoli; they destroy foreign material such as bacteria.

Answer 12

Type III cells

Question 13

These bones change the flow of inspired air to moisturize the air and to warm it better.

Answer 13

Turbinates

Question 14

The area of the pharynx that contains the tongue.

Answer 14

Oropharynx

Question 15

The ratio that indicates the effectiveness of airflow within the alveoli and the adequacy of gas exchange within the pulmonary capillaries.

Answer 15

Ventilation/perfusion ratio (V/Q ratio)

Question 16

Gravity, alveolar pressure, and pulmonary artery pressure affect this.

Answer 16

Pulmonary perfusion

Question 17

These are categorized as crackles or wheezes.

Answer 17

Adventitious breath sounds

Question 18

This portion of the upper airway protects the lower airway from foreign objects because it facilitates coughing.

Answer 18

Larynx

Question 19

Describe the flow of air once it enters the right and left mainstem bronchi.

Answer 19

The right and left mainstem bronchi divide into three secondary right bronchi and two secondary left bronchi. Each secondary bronchus supplies air to the three right lobes and two left lobes of the lung. The bronchi enter each lobe and continue to branch and form smaller bronchi and finally terminal bronchioles.

Question 20

Where is the site of oxygen and CO2

Answer 20

Alveoli are small clustered sacs that begin where the bronchioles end. Each alveolus consists of a single layer of squamous epithelial cells. Capillaries surround these thin-walled alveoli and are the site of exchange of oxygen and CO2.

Question 21

What does alveolar respiration determine?

Answer 21

Alveolar respiration determines the amount of CO2 in the body.