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LQB187 Human Anatomy > Introduction to the Human Body - week 1 > Flashcards

Introduction to the Human Body - week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Describe Human Anatomy. What are the areas of specialisation?

A 
The scientific study of the body's structures.
Gross Anatomy (macroscopic anatomy)
Microscopic anatomy
Regional anatomy
Systemic anatomy
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2
Q

Describe Macroscopic Anatomy (Gross Anatomy)

A

Gross anatomy considers large structures such as the brain.

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3
Q

Describe Microscopic Anatomy

A

the study of structures that can be observed only with the use of a microscope or other magnification devices
Microscopic anatomy includes cytology, the study of cells and histology, the study of tissues

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4
Q

Describe Regional Anatomy

A

The study of the interrelationships of all of the structures in a specific body region.

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5
Q

Describe Systemic Anatomy

A

The study of the structures that make up a discrete body system—that is, a group of structures that work together to perform a unique body function.

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6
Q

Describe Human Physiology

A

the scientific study of the chemistry and physics of the structures of the body and the ways in which they work together to support the functions of life
e.g Homeostasis

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7
Q

Describe Homeostasis

A

the state of steady internal conditions maintained by living things

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8
Q

Levels of Structural Organisation of the Human Body

A

Cellular, tissue, organ, organ system and organismal

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9
Q

Describe Integumentary System

A
  • encloses internal body structures
  • site of many sensory receptors
    e. g. hair, skin, nails
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10
Q

Describe skeletal system

A
  • supports the body
  • enables movement (with muscular system)
    e. g. cartilage, bones, joints
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11
Q

Describe Muscular system

A
  • enables movement (with skeletal system)
  • helps maintain body temperature
    e. g. skeletal muscles, tendons
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12
Q

Describe nervous system

A
  • detects and processes sensory information
  • activates bodily responses
    e. g brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves
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13
Q

Describe Endocrine system

A
  • secretes hormones
  • regulates bodily processes
    e. g. pituitary gland, thyroid gland, pancreas, adren glands, testes, ovaries
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14
Q

Describe Cardiovascular system

A
  • delivers oxygen and nutrients to tissues
  • equalizes temperature in the body
    e. g. heart, blood vessels
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15
Q

Describe digestive system

A
  • processes food for use by the body
  • removes wastes from undigested food
  • e.g. stomach, liver, gall bladder, large and small intestine
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16
Q

Describe urinary system

A
  • controls water balance in the body
  • removes wastes from blood and excretes them
    e. g. kidneys, urinary bladder
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17
Q

Describe Lymphatic System

A
  • returns fluid to blood
  • defends against pathogens
    e. g. thymus. lymph nodes, spleen, lymphatic vessels
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18
Q

Describe Respiratory System

A
  • removes carbon dioxide from the body
  • delivers oxygen to blood
    e. g. nasal passage, trachea, lungs
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19
Q

Describe Male Reproductive System

A
  • produces sex hormones and gametes
  • delivers gametes to female
    e. g. epididymis, testes
20
Q

Describe female reproductive system

A
  • produces sex hormones and gametes
  • supports embryo/fetus until birth
  • produces milk for infant
    e. g. mammary glands, ovaries , uterus
21
Q

What is a cell-membrane?

A

an extremely pliable structure composed primarily of back-to-back phospholipids (a “bilayer”). This cell membrane provides a protective barrier around the cell and regulates which materials can pass in or out.

22
Q

Key components of the structure of a cell

A

Cytoplasm, nucleus, organelles and plasma membrane

23
Q

What is an organelle and its purpose?

A 
An organelle (“little organ”) is one of several different types of membrane-enclosed bodies in the cell
the many different cellular organelles work together to keep the cell healthy
24
Q

What is the cytoplasm?

A

A combination of cytosol and organelles

25
Q

What are the four categories of tissue?

A

epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous

26
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

the sheets of cells that cover exterior surfaces of the body, lines internal cavities and passageways, and forms certain glands

27
Q

Connective tissue

A

binds the cells and organs of the body together and functions in the protection, support, and integration of all parts of the body

28
Q

Muscle tissue

A

responding to stimulation and contracting to provide movement, and occurs as three major types: skeletal (voluntary) muscle, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle in the heart

29
Q

Nervous tissue

A

allowing the propagation of electrochemical signals in the form of nerve impulses that communicate between different regions of the body

30
Q

connective tissue membrane

A

formed solely from connective tissue. These membranes encapsulate organs, such as the kidneys, and line our movable joints

31
Q

synovial membrane

A

a type of connective tissue membrane that lines the cavity of a freely movable joint. For example, synovial membranes surround the joints of the shoulder, elbow, and knee.

32
Q

epithelial membrane

A

composed of epithelium attached to a layer of connective tissue, for example, your skin,

33
Q

Anterior Body Parts

A

the front or direction toward the front of the body.

34
Q

Posterior Body Parts

A

the back or direction toward the back of the body

35
Q

Superior Body Parts

A

a position above or higher than another part of the body proper

36
Q

Inferior Body Parts

A

describes a position below or lower than another part of the body proper

37
Q

Lateral Direction

A

describes the side or direction toward the side of the body

38
Q

Medial

A

escribes the middle or direction toward the middle of the body

39
Q

Proximal

A

describes a position in a limb that is nearer to the point of attachment or the trunk of the body.

40
Q

Distal

A

describes a position in a limb that is farther from the point of attachment or the trunk of the body.

41
Q

Superficial

A

describes a position closer to the surface of the body.

42
Q

Deep

A

describes a position farther from the surface of the body

43
Q

sagittal plane and the variants

A

the plane that divides the body or an organ vertically into right and left sides. If this vertical plane runs directly down the middle of the body, it is called the midsagittal or median plane. If it divides the body into unequal right and left sides, it is called a parasagittal plane

44
Q

frontal plane

A

the plane that divides the body or an organ into an anterior (front) portion and a posterior (rear) portion.

45
Q

transverse plane

A

the plane that divides the body or organ horizontally into upper and lower portions

46
Q

Dorsal Body Cavity

A

Upper body and contains the vertebral (spine) and cranial (brain) cavities

LQB187 Human Anatomy (1 decks)

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