Introduction to the human body Flashcards
What is the chemical level in biological organization?
Atoms and molecules, such as carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), calcium (Ca), and sulphur (S)
Essential for life; molecules include deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and glucose.
What does the cellular level represent in biological organization?
Cells, which are the basic structural and functional units composed of chemicals
Different types of cells include muscular, nerve, and epithelial cells.
What are tissues in biological organization?
Groups of cells and the materials surrounding them that work together to perform a particular function
There are 4 types of tissues: epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous.
What is epithelial tissue?
Covers body surfaces, lines hollow organs and cavities, and forms glands.
What is connective tissue?
Connects, supports, protects body organs while distributing blood vessels to other tissues.
What is muscular tissue?
Contracts to make body parts move and generates heat.
What is nervous tissue?
Carries information from one part of the body to another via nerve impulses.
What is the organ level in biological organization?
Structures composed of 2 or more different tissue types that perform specific functions.
What is the system level in biological organization?
Related organs with a common function
There are 11 systems in total.
What does the organismal level represent?
Any living individual, with all parts working and functioning together to constitute the whole body.
What are the six levels of organisation?
chemical level; cellular level; tissue level; organ level; system level; organismal level
What is metabolism?
Sum of all chemical processes that occur in the body.
Metabolism includes both catabolism and anabolism.
Define catabolism.
Breakdown of complex chemical substances to simple components.
Catabolism is a part of metabolism.
Define anabolism.
Building of complex chemical substances from smaller components.
Anabolism is a part of metabolism.
What does responsiveness refer to in biological processes?
The body’s ability to detect and respond to change.
Responsiveness is a key characteristic of living organisms.
What does movement encompass in biological terms?
Motion of the whole body, organs, cells, small structures in cells.
Movement is essential for survival and function.
Define growth in biological processes.
Increase in body size resulting in an increase in size of existing cells, number of cells, or both.
Growth is a fundamental characteristic of living organisms.
What is differentiation?
Development of a cell from an unspecialised to a specialised state.
Differentiation allows cells to perform specific functions.
What are stem cells?
Precursor cells that can divide and give rise to cells that undergo differentiation.
Stem cells are crucial for development and tissue repair.
What does reproduction refer to in biological processes?
Formation of new cells for tissue growth, repair, replacement, or production of a new individual.
Reproduction is essential for the continuation of species.
Fill in the blank: The _______ is the sum of all chemical processes that occur in the body.
metabolism
True or False: Anabolism involves breaking down complex substances.
False
Anabolism is about building complex substances.
What is homeostasis?
Condition of equilibrium in the body’s internal environment due to the constant interaction of the body’s regulatory processes.
What is the purpose of homeostasis?
To ensure the body is compatible to maintaining life.
