Introduction to the heart Flashcards
What are the great vessels?
Aorta
Superior vena cava
Pulmonary vein
Pulmonary artery
What are the chambers of the heart?
Right atrium
Left atrium
Right ventricle
Left ventricle
What is the pressure within the aorta?
100-120 mmHg
What is the pressure within the pulmonary artery?
10-20 mmHg
What is the pressure within the vena cava?
5-10 mmHg
What is the pressure within the pulmonary veins?
10-15 mmHg
Describe blood flow through the heart (Right)
Vena cava Right atrium Right ventricle Pulmonary artery Lungs
Describe blood flow through the heart (Left)
Pulmonary veins Left atrium Left ventricle Aorta Body
Where is the aortic valve?
Between the left ventricle and the aorta
Where is the pulmonary valve?
Right ventricle and pulmonary artery
Where is the tricuspid valve?
Right atrium and ventricle
Where is the mitral valve?
Left atrium and ventricle
What cells are involved in the heart’s electrical conduction?
Nodal cells
Fibrous tract cells
What is the function of the SAN?
Pacemaker of the heart
60-100bpm
Where is the SAN?
Junction of crista terminals
Upper wall of right atrium and opening of superior vena cava
What is the function of the AVN?
Has pacemaker activity
Slow calcium mediated action potentials
Where is the AVN?
Triangle of Koch at the base of the right atrium
What is the main fibrous tract?
Bundle of his
What is the function of the bundle of his?
Specialised myocytes
Branches at intraventricular septum
Goes to apex
What are the purkinje fibres?
Specialised conducting fibres
How does blood flow around the heart? (arterial)
Right coronary artery
Left circumflex artery
Left anterior descending artery
How does blood flow around the heart? (venous)
Coronary sinus
Great cardiac vein
Middle cardiac vein
(Posterior of the heart)
What is atenolol?
Beta blocker
What is amlodipine?
Calcium channel blocker
What is losartan?
Angiotensin receptor blocker
What is ramipril?
ACE inhibitor
What is chlorthalidone?
Thiazide-like diuretic
