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Cardiovascular Physiology > Introduction to the ECG > Flashcards

Introduction to the ECG Flashcards

1
Q

What does the P wave correspond to?

A

Atrial depolarisation

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2
Q

What does the QRS complex correspond to?

How long should it take?

A

Ventricular depolarisation

Less than 0.12s

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3
Q

What does the T wave correspond to?

A

Ventricular depolarisation

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4
Q

What does the PR interval correspond to?

How long should it take?

A

Time from atrial depolarisation to ventricular depolarisation
0.1-0.2s

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5
Q

Which points does the PR interval occur between?

A

The start of the P wave and the start of the QRS complex (Q)

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6
Q

What does the QT interval correspond to?

A

Time spent during which ventricles are depolarised

About 0.42s at 60bpm

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7
Q

Which points does the QT interval occur between?

A

Start of the QRS complex (Q) to the end of the T wave

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8
Q

Which points does the ST segment occur between?

A

The end of the QRS complex (S) and the start of the T wave

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9
Q

Which points does the PR segment occur between?

A

The end of the P wave and the start of the QRS complex (Q)

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10
Q

What is the significance of the ST segment?

A

If elevated in myocardial infarction indicates MI more severe

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11
Q

How is depolarisation represented on an ECG?

A

Upward going blip

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12
Q

Are fast or slow events transmitted better?

A

Fast events

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13
Q

What plane are standard limb leads in?

A

Frontal/vertical

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14
Q

What does SLL 1 represent?

A

Left arm with respect to right arm (

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15
Q

What does SLL 2 represent?

A

Left leg with respect to right arm (

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16
Q

What does SLL 3 represent?

A

Left leg wrt left arm (^I)

17
Q

Is depolarisation towards a lead positive or negative?

A

Positive

18
Q

Is depolarisation away from a lead positive or negative?

A

Negative

19
Q

Is repolarisation towards a lead positive or negative?

A

Negative

20
Q

Is repolarisation away from a lead positive or negative?

A

Positive

21
Q

Why is there a downward going blip towards Q?

A

The interventricular septum is being depolarised from LEFT to RIGHT so depolarisation is away from the lead.

22
Q

Why is there an upward going blip towards R?

A

The bulk of the ventricle is depolarised from endocardium from epicardium from right to left so depolarisation is towards the lead

23
Q

Why is there a downward going blip towards S

A

Because the upper ventricular system is depolarised from left to right so depolarisation is away from the lead

24
Q

Why is the R wave biggest on SLL 2?

A

Because the main vector is depolarisation is in line with axis recording from the left leg to the right arm

25
Q

What would left heart hypertrophy or right heart atrophy cause on an ECG?

A

Right axis deviation

26
Q

What are augmented limb leads?

A

Recording from 1 lead with respect to 2 other leads. Giving 3 perspectives and 6 in total of frontal and vertical plane.

27
Q

What is aVR?

A

Right arm with respect to left arm and left leg

28
Q

What is aVL?

A

Left arm with respect to right arm and right leg

29
Q

What is aVF?

A

Left leg with respect to left arm and right arm

30
Q

What are the precordial chest leads?

What direction to the move in in what plane?

A

Move from right to left ventricle in transverse plane

31
Q

How does the direction of the QRS complex change as the precordial chest leads move across the chest?

A

Negative going blip from V1 but flips to a positive going blip at V3 or V4

32
Q

How fast does the paper run on the rhythm strip?

A

25mm/s

33
Q

What is the calibrating pulse of the rhythm strip?

How does this correspond to boxes?

A

0.2sec (5mm) = 1 large box

34
Q

How do you calculate HR from an ECG?

A

Count the R waves over 30 large squares (6 seconds) and multiply by 10.

35
Q

List the key points that the rhythm strip tells you

A

Whether each QRS complex is preceded by a P wave
Whether the PR interval is to short (<0.12s) or long (>0.2sec)
Whether the QRS is too wide (>0.12s)
Whether the QT interval is too long (>0.42s at 60bpm)

Cardiovascular Physiology (10 decks)

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