Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Clinical Psychology > Introduction to the DSM-IV and Psychological Testing > Flashcards

Introduction to the DSM-IV and Psychological Testing Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

In any given year, how many Americans will suffer with a diagnosable mental illness?

A

1 in 4

Not all will seek help

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How many people will suffer with a ‘serious’ mental illness?

A

1 in 17

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

For Americans age _____, mental disorders are the leading cause of _______.

A

15-44

disability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How many women are diagnosed with anxiety?

A

20-25%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is PPD?

A

Prominent
Persistent
Disruptive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When an individual is experiencing a mental health problem, who does he/she see first - a psychiatrist or a primary care physician?

A

Primary Care Physician
patients see chiropractors more than medical drs
this is why learning about mental health is important
patients will ‘test the waters’ with you to see how you respond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the two most frequently encountered mental disorders?

A

Clinical Depression

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How many people are affected by Clinical Depression?

A

19 million Americans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How many people are affected by Generalized Anxiety Disorder?

A

4 million Americans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Do individuals expect their primary care physician to play a significant role in their recovery process?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Who typically brings up mental health? The patient or the primary care physician?

A

The majority of patients in the America’s Mental Health Survey reported that they had to bring up mental health, otherwise it was not discussed by their PCP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Diathesis Model

A

A psychological theory that attempts to explain behavior as a predispositional vulnerability together with stress from life experiences.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How many veterans commit suicide per day?

A

25

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

PTSD Video

A
  • Nationals vs Citizens
  • Driver & Gunner
  • You own the road
  • It was his time to go
  • War wasn’t going to affect me
  • Complacency kills
  • Stick you back with ‘normal’ people
  • Home was a safe zone but couldn’t let guard down
  • Warriors Mentality
  • On high alert 100% of day
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Things To Never Say to Veteran

A
  • Did you kill anyone?
  • You must have PTSD
  • How terrible that must have been
  • You were just ‘support’ so you weren’t in any danger
  • Is combat like Call of Duty?
  • I hate taking orders, I’m too opinionated, I could never do that
  • You survived the military, this should be easy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Is it important for chiropractors to talk to their patients about mental health?

A

Yes
It is also important for chiropractors to know how to identify, monitor, treat, and refer patient’s with mental disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Abnormal Psychology (D, P, E, C)

A

xxx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is abnormal? (4 Ds)

A

xxxx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is DSM?

A

Diagnostic and Statistical Manuals of Mental Health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The DSM is developed by whom?

A

American Psychiatric Association

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is in the DSM?

A

It contains listing and descriptions of psychiatric diagnoses, analogous to the International Classification of Diseases manual (ICD)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Do the DSMs change?

A

Yes, the DSMs have changed as the prevailing concepts of mental disorders have changed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is DSM-I?

A

(1952)

Reflected Adolf Meyer’s influence on psychiatry, and classified mental disorders as various ‘reactions’ to stressors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

When was DSM-I developed? Who helped develop DSM-I?

A

1952

Adolf Meyer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is DSM-II?

A

(1968)

Dropped the reactions concept, but maintained a perspective influenced by psychodynamic theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

When was DSM-II developed?

A

1968

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the difference between DSM-I and DSM-II?

A

DSM-II dropped the reactions to stressors concept but maintained a perspective influenced by psychodynamic theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Are DSM-I and DSM-II reliable in diagnosing mental illness?

A

No, they have problems with reliability in diagnosing mental illness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Do DSM-I and DSM-II have standardized diagnostic criteria and assessment instruments?

A

No, both lacked standardized diagnostic criteria and assessment instruments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is DSM-III?

A

(1980)
It outlined a research-based, empirical, and phenomenologic approach to diagnosis, which attempted to be atheoretical with regard to etiology

phenomenologic - the study of the development of human consciousness and self-awareness as a preface to or a part of philosophy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

When was DSM-III created? What was it known as?

A

1980

A watershed event American psychiatry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is DSM-IV?

A

DSM-IV continues the DSM-III tradition. It is characterized as the “biologic” approach to diagnosis. It contains listings and descriptions of psychiatric diagnoses.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

The DSM-IV serves as:

A
  • Guide for Clinical Practice
  • Facilitates research and improved communication between clinicians and researchers
  • Is a tool used to teach psychopathology
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is DSM-V?

A

It is currently being developed and is tentatively due for publication in 2011.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What DSM is a watershed event in American psychiatry?

A

DSM-III

36
Q

What DSM classified mental disorders as various ‘reactions’ to stressors?

A

DSM-I

37
Q

What DSM maintained a perspective influenced by psychodynamic theory?

A

DSM-II

38
Q

What DSM is is characterized as the “biologic” approach to diagnosis?

A

DSM-IV

39
Q

What DSM outlined a research-based, empirical, and phenomenologic approach to diagnosis, which attempted to be atheoretical with regard to etiology?

A

DSM III

40
Q

What DSM contains listings and descriptions of psychiatric diagnoses?

A

DSM-IV

41
Q

What DSM is a guide for clinical practice?

A

DSM-IV

42
Q

What DSM facilitates research and improved communication between clinicians and researchers?

A

DSM-IV

43
Q

What DSM Is a tool used to teach psychopathology?

A

DSM-IV

44
Q

What does the term mental disorder imply?

A

xxx

45
Q

Is there really a distinction between mental disorders and physical disorders?

A

“there is much ‘physical’ in mental disorders and much ‘mental’ in physical disorders

46
Q

Does DSM classify people?

A

No, it classifies disorders

i.e. an individual with schizophrenia vs the schizophrenic

47
Q

Who classify people?

A

People

48
Q

What is a mental disorder?

A
  • 4 D’s

* A clinically significant behavioral or psychological syndrome or patterns

49
Q

4 D’s of Mental Disorder

A
  • Individual is experiencing present distress or disability
  • Individual has a significantly increased risk of suffering death, pain, disability, or an important loss of freedom
  • The syndrome is not an expected cultural response
50
Q

DSM-IV Multiaxial System

A

Five-axis classification system
Axial I: Clinical Disorders
Axial II: Personality Disorders, Mental Retardation
Axial III: General Medical Conditions
Axial IV: Psychosocial and Environmental Problems
Axial V: Global Assessment of Functioning

51
Q

Axis I

A

Clinical Disorders
• clinical syndromes that generally develop in late adolescence or adulthood
• example: schizophrenia, bipolar, panic disorder, post traumatic stress disorder, alcohol abuse, major depression
• axis I conditions are considered illnesses

52
Q

When are Axis I clinical syndromes developed?

A

adolescence or adulthood

53
Q

Axis I conditions are considered to be

A

illnesses

54
Q

Axis II

A

Personality Disorders and Mental Retardation

• also used to note maladaptive personality traits and behavior problems

55
Q

What Axis is used to note maladaptive personality traits and behavior problems?

A

Axis II

56
Q

Axis III

A

General Medical Conditions
• medical conditions which play a role in the development, continuance, or exacerbation of Axis I and II disorders
• examples: asthma in patients with anxiety, AIDS in patient with new-onset psychosis (brain lesions), cirrhosis of the liver in a patient with alcohol dependence

57
Q

What Axis is described when a medical condition plays a role in the development, continuance, or exacerbation of clinical or personality disorders?

A

Axis III

58
Q

Axis IV

A

Psychosocial and Environmental Problems
• psychosocial stressors encountered by the patient within the previous 12 months that have contributed to:
• development of a new mental disorder
• recurrence of a previous mental disorder
• exacerbation of an ongoing mental disorder

59
Q

Psychosocial Stressors include problems with:

A
  • Primary Support Group
  • Social Environment
  • Education
  • Occupation
  • Housing
  • Economic
  • Access to Health Care Services
  • Interaction with the Legal System
  • Environmental Problems
60
Q

Psychosocial stressors should be described as what?

A

Should be described in as much detail as needed to indicate how it affects the patient’s functioning

61
Q

Should mild stressors be noted?

A

Yes, even mild stressors should be noted if they figure into the clinical presentation

62
Q

Axis V

A

Global Assessment of Functioning
• patient’s global level of functioning both at the time of evaluation and during the past year
• clinician consults the global assessment of functioning scale to determine the level of functioning
• GAF is based on 0-100 scale

63
Q

Can a patient have a diagnosis in all five axes?

A

Yes

64
Q

What are some short comings of DSM-IV?

A
  • it is a categorical system based on description and the symptomatology of disease
  • some experts consider the DSM parochial, reductionistic and adynamic
  • the DSM was designed to have high reliability among different raters, but validity remains an issue
  • financial ties to pharmaceutical companies?
65
Q

Do you need training to use the DSM?

A

Yes, diagnosis requires art and skill - to use DSM correctly one needs extensive clinical training.

66
Q

What should you do if you suspect someone has a mental disorder?

A

If you suspect someone has a mental disorder, she/he should be referred to a mental health professional

67
Q

If people share the same diagnosis, does this mean that the etiology and treatment will be the same?

A

No, although people may share the same diagnosis, this does not mean the etiology is the same or that the treatment will be the same.

68
Q

What are some psychological assessments?

A
  • interviews, medical/personal history taking, mental status exam, collateral information
  • projective tests
  • nonproductive tests
  • neuropsychological tests
  • brain imaging
69
Q

What is the different between testing and assessment?

A

Assessment involves integration of all sources of data including tests

70
Q

What are projective tests?

A
  • individually administered tests

* are used to obtain information about underlying personality traits, emotions, attitudes, and internal conflicts

71
Q

How do projective tests work?

A

patient responds freely to ambiguous, unstructured, and open-ended situations

72
Q

What are different types of projective tests?

A
  • Rorschach
  • Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
  • Children’s Thematic Apperception Test (CAT)
  • Draw-a-Person Test
  • Sentence-completion Tests
73
Q

Rorschach Test

A
  • projective test

* blob

74
Q

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

A
  • projective test

* picture

75
Q

Sentence Completion Test

A 
• projective test
I like \_\_\_\_
The happiest time \_\_\_\_\_
I want to know \_\_\_\_\_\_
I am sorry for \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
I hate \_\_\_\_\_\_
I worry \_\_\_\_\_\_
76
Q

What are nonprojective techniques?

A

they are mostly self-reporting tests

77
Q

Types of Nonprojective Tests

A
  • Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
  • Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory - 2 (MMPI-2)
  • Wäscher Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC)
  • Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
78
Q

What is neuropsychological testing?

A
  • behavioral measures are used to assess brain functioning especially higher cerebral functioning (cognitive skill/ability)
  • measures deficits in cognitive functioning (i.e. a person’s ability to think, speak, reason, etc) that may result from some sort of brain damage
  • are behavioral - they are not invasive and present no physical risk
  • may require reading or listening to verbal information, viewing nonverbal visual information, or palpating stimuli
  • some tasks require written responses or verbal responses; some will require manipulation of objects, puzzles, drawing
79
Q

A patient hears the works - ‘neuropsychological tests’, what might they think?

A

xxx

80
Q

How can you prepare a patient for neuropsychological testing?

A

xxxx

81
Q

What is brain imaging?

A
  • it is used to understand the relationship between brain structure and functions such as speech and memory
  • increases understanding of brain disorders (e.g. schizophrenia, depression)
  • locate and treat epilepsy, brain tumors, and other disorders with precision
82
Q

Brain Imaging Includes:

A
  • Brain Structure: CT, MRI
  • Brain Function: SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography), PET (positron emission tomography)
  • Electrophysiologic Activity: EEG (electroencephalography), BEAM (quantitative EEG, or brain electrical activity mapping)
  • Functional MRI
83
Q

Why should you use brain imaging?

A
  • to detect or exclude organic factors that could be contributing to psychiatric (or neurological) symptomatology
  • the first signs of organic brain lesions are often cognitive dysfunctions, mood disturbances, and psychotic manifestations
84
Q

Type of Mental Health Professionals

A
  • Psychiatrist
  • Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner
  • Psychologist
  • Clinical Social Worker
  • Licensed Professional Counselor
  • Marital and Family Therapist
  • Certified Alcohol and Drug Abuse Counselor
  • Pastoral Counselor
85
Q

How and to whom do I make a referral?

A
  • to whom you refer depends on your level of concern for the patient (is it an acute crisis (suicide risk), is a developmental crisis (divorce, death of loved one))
  • suicide hotline
  • suicide intervention listing in phone book
  • local hospitals
  • national alliance for the mentally ill (NAMI)

Clinical Psychology (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions