Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > Introduction to the CNS Pharmacology > Flashcards

Introduction to the CNS Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary injection site of spinal cord?

A

Primary
-> Epidural space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Determine if the following factors should be [ Increased ] or [ decreased ] in order for the drugs to pass through BBB

a) Molecular weight
b) Charge
c) Lipophilicity

A

Molecular weight
-> decreased

Charge
-> decreased

Lipophilicity
-> increased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which of the following is the least common?

a) Axodendritic synapse
b) Axosomatic synapse
c) Axoaxonic synapse
d) Dendrodendritic synapse

A

d) Dendrodendritic synapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which of the following(s) is correct?

a) Neurotransmitter must be produced within a neuron
b) Neurotransmitter must be found within a neuron
c) When a neuron is stimulated ( depolarized ), a neuron must release the neurotransmitter
d) When a neurotransmitter is released, it acts on a post - synaptic receptor and cause biological effect
e) After a neurotransmitter is released, it must be inactivated. Inactivation and be through a reuptake mechanism or by an enzyme
f) If the neurotransmitter is applied on the post - synaptic membrane, it should have the same effect as when it is released by a neuron

A

ALL BITCH ALLLLLLL!!!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which are the 6 small molecule neurotransmitter substances?

A

Acetylcholine (ACh)
Dopamine (DA)
Norepinephrine (NE)
Serotonin (5-HT)
Histamine
Epinephrine (EP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which are the 4 amino acid neurotransmitters?

A

GABA
-> Gamma - aminobutyric acid
Glutamate
Glycine
Aspartate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What disease is associated with decreased function of cholinergic neurons?

A

Alzheimer’s disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which of the 4 amino acid neurotransmitters are inhibitory or excitatory?

A

Inhibitory
-> GABA
-> Glycine

Excitatory
-> Glutamate
-> Aspartate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are 2 types of Cholinergic receptors?

A

Muscarinic receptors
Nicotinic receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How many types of Muscarinic receptors are there?
And what do they affect?

A

M1 - M5
-> CNS
-> ANS
–> Autonomic nervous system
—> Sympathetic & Parasympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How many types of Nicotinic receptors are there?
And what do they affect?

A

N(N)
-> CNS
-> ANS

N(M)
-> Skeletal muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Of the 6 types of small molecules neurotransmitter substances, which are parts of the Catecholamine neurotransmitters?

A

NE
EP
DA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where are the cell bodies of NE neurons located?

A

Brainstem
-> Locus ceruleus
-> Medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

NE axons project widely throughout the brain,
when NE are released, what effects does it produce?

A

Fight or flight response
-> Alertness
-> Focus

Basic instinctual behaviors
-> Hunger / thirst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

NE axons project to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord,
when NE are released, what effect does it produce?

A

Analgesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which of the 3 catecholamine is the major one in CNS ?

A

DA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where are the cell bodies of DA neurons located?

A

Limbic system
-> Nucleus accumbens (NA)
-> Ventral tegmental area (VTA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the precursor of DA?

A

Levodopa

19
Q

How many types of Dopaminergic receptors are there?

A

D1 - D5

20
Q

Which dopaminergic receptors have been implicated in human pathophysiological diseases? and ITALIANO ( catalepsy ) & Parkinsons disease & Schizophrenia :D

A

D2 receptor

21
Q

What is the protein that reuptake Serotonin called?

A

SERT
-> Serotonin transporter

22
Q

What is the precursor of 5-HT?

A

Tryptophan

23
Q

Where are the cell bodies of 5-HT neuron located?

A

Raphe Nuclei
-> Pons
-> Medulla

24
Q

Match the following

Glutamate
Aspartate
Glycine
GABA

Dicarboxylic amino acids
Monocarboxylic amino acids

A

Dicarboxylic amino acids
-> Glutamate
-> Aspartate

Monocarboxylic amino acids
-> Glycine
-> GABA

25
Q

Are dicarboxylic amino acids universally excitatory or universally inhibitory?

A

Universally excitatory

26
Q

What channel is GABA(A) receptor?
What receptors are GABA(B) receptor?

A

GABA(A)
-> Ligand - gated Cl- channel

GABA(B)
-> G - protein coupled receptors

27
Q

Does ‘Glycine’ or ‘GABA’ mediates the inhibitory actions of most local interneurons in the brain?

A

GABA

28
Q

Which of the followings are correct?

a) GABA mediates the presynaptic inhibition in the spinal cord
b) Glycine mediates the presynaptic inhibition in the spinal cord
c) GABA mediates the postsynaptic inhibition in the spinal cord
d) Glycine mediates the postsynaptic inhibition in the spinal cord

A

a)
c)
d)

Glycine does not mediates the presynaptic inhibition in the spinal cord

29
Q

What are the steps turnover cycle for glutamate?

A
  1. Synaptic glutamate is transported into astrocyte
  2. Astrocyte convert glutamate into glutamine
  3. Glutamine is stored and diffuses out of astrocyte
  4. Glutamine enters presynaptic terminals for production of glutamate
30
Q

What are the 2 types of Glutamate receptors?

A

Ionotropic receptors
Metabotropic receptors

31
Q

What are the 2 types of ionotropic glutamate receptors?

A

AMPA & kinate receptors
NMDA receptors

32
Q

Which ions are permeable for AMPA receptors?

A

Permeable
-> Na+
-> K+

Limited permeability
-> Ca++

33
Q

Which ions are permeable for NMDA receptors?

A

Highly permeable
Ca++

Ca++ : Na+ : K+
= 20 : 1 : 1

34
Q

What receptors are metabotropic receptors?

A

G - protein coupled receptors

35
Q

Are both ionotropic receptors and metabotropic receptor present on presynaptic and postsynaptic sites ?

A

Ionotropic receptors
-> Postsynaptic sites only

Metabotropic receptors
-> Presynaptic sites
-> Postsynaptic sites

36
Q

What are the 5 types of Ion channel receptor for neurotransmitter? (NMDA & AMPA counts as one : Ionotropic glutamate receptors)

A

Nicotinic Ach receptors
GABA(A) receptors
Ionotropic glutamate receptors
Glycine receptors
5-HT(3) receptors

37
Q

What are 4 types of G protein - coupled receptors?

A

Muscarinic Ach receptors
Metabotropic glutamate receptors
Opioids receptors
All other receptors lol as long as its not ion channel

38
Q

What are the 4 mechanisms for inactivating neurotransmitters?

A

Diffusion
Enzymatic degradation
Glia cells
Reuptake

39
Q

Is Barbiturates or BZD full spectrum?

A

Barbiturates

40
Q

What drug can block NE reuptake?

A

Tricyclic antidepressants

41
Q

What drug can block 5-HT reuptake?

A

SSRI
-> Serotonin - specific reuptake inhibitor

42
Q

What drugs can block DA reuptake?

A

Cocaine
Amphetamines

43
Q

What can decompose ACh?

A

Acetylcholinesterase

44
Q

After decomposition of ACh,
What are the products,
and what will happen after?

A

ACh –> Choline + Acetate
-> Nerve terminal uptake
–> Resynthesis of ACh

Pharmacology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions