Introduction to Statistics M1A:1

Question 1

What is the science concerned with the collection, organization, presentation and analysis of data?

Answer 1

Statistics

Question 2

Facts and figures from which conclusions can be drawn

Answer 2

Data

Question 3

The information that is collected for a particular study. Elements may be people, events, objects or other entries

Answer 3

Data set

Question 4

What are variables?

Answer 4

Characteristics of an element

Question 5

Describes a sample and serves as an estimate of the corresponding population parameter

Answer 5

Statistic

Question 6

A descriptive measure of the entire population of all observations

Answer 6

Parameter

Question 7

If a study is this kind of study, the possible measurements of the values of a variable are numbers that represent amounts

Answer 7

Quantitative

Question 8

What is the difference between quantitative and qualitative variable quantity tallying

Answer 8

Qualitative variables you count

Quantitative variables you measure

Question 9

Any value within a given range, can be fractions, decimals, and usually results from measurement

Answer 9

Continuous numbers

Question 10

Restricted to certain values, usually whole numbers, generally result from counting

Answer 10

Discrete numbers

Question 11

What are existing sources? Give examples.

Answer 11

Data already gathered by public or private sources.

Internet
Library
US Government
Data Collection Agency

Question 12

What are experimental statistics and observational studies?

Answer 12

Data we collect ourselves for a specific purpose.

Question 13

What are response variables and factors?

Answer 13

Response variable: the variable of interest

Factors: other variables related to the response variable.

Question 14

What is the population?

What is a census?

What is a sample?

Answer 14

1. A population is the set of all elements about which we draw a conclusion
2. Census is an examination of the entire population of measurement. Must collect data from all individuals.
3. Sample is a select subset of the units of the population.

Question 15

What is a sampling error?

Answer 15

The difference between the unknown population parameter and the sample statistic used to describe the parameter

Question 16

The tendency to favor the selection of certain sample elements over others is called..

Answer 16

Sample bias

Question 17

The science of describing the important aspects of a set of measurements

Answer 17

Descriptive statistics

Question 18

The science of using a sample of measurements to make generalizations about the important aspects of a population of measurements

Answer 18

Statistical inference

Question 19

A sequence of operations that takes inputs and turns them into outputs

Answer 19

Process

Question 20

Name the 4 scales of measurement

Answer 20

Nominal
Ordinal
Interval
Ratio

Question 21

Which scales of measurement are qualitative

Answer 21

Nominal and ordinal

Question 22

Which scales are quantitative

Answer 22

Interval and ratio

Question 23

What is a nominal scale? Give an example.

Answer 23

A qualitative variable for which there is no meaningful ranking of the categories.

Examples: Yes or No; Male or Female; marital status

Question 24

What is a qualitative measure for which there is a meaningful ranking? Give examples

Answer 24

Ordinal variable

Example are; rate how likely are you to recommend; education attainment: 1 for high school 2 for college, 3 for graduate school

Question 25

Name a quantitative variable where ratios are not meaningful and there is no defined zero

Answer 25

Interval scale

Temperature, Likert Scale ( 1-5)

Question 26

A quantitative variable measures on a scale such that ratios of its value are meaningful and there is a true zero value

Answer 26

Ratio measurement

Money, weight and height,