Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis

Question 1

a branch of mathematics that deals with the collection organization and analysis of numerical data and with such problems as experiment design and decision making

Answer 1

statistics

Question 2

three important features of statistics

Answer 2

data gathering
data analysis
making decision

Question 3

data collected in original form

Answer 3

raw data

Question 4

characteristic or attribute that can assume different values

Answer 4

variable

Question 5

all subjects possessing a common characteristic that is being studied

Answer 5

population

Question 6

a subgroup or subset of a population

Answer 6

sample

Question 7

characteristic or measure obtained from a population

Answer 7

parameter

Question 8

variables which assume non-numerical values

Answer 8

qualitative variables

Question 9

variables which assume numerical values

Answer 9

quantitative variables

Question 10

variables which assume finite or countable number of possible values, usually obtained by counting

Answer 10

discrete variable

Question 11

variables which assume infinite number of possible values usually obtained by measurement

Answer 11

continuous variable

Question 12

methods of sampling

Answer 12

random sampling
systematic sampling
stratified sampling
cluster sampling

Question 13

sampling in which the data is collected using chance methods or random numbers

Answer 13

random sampling

Question 14

sampling in which the data is collected by selecting every kth object

Answer 14

systematic sampling

Question 15

sampling in which the population is divided into groups or strata according to some characteristic

Answer 15

stratified sampling

Question 16

sampling in which the population is divided into groups usually geographically

Answer 16

cluster sampling

Question 17

methods of summarizing or characterizing data

Answer 17

tabular method
graphical method
numerical method

Question 18

three ways of tabular method

Answer 18

frequency distribution
cumulative frequency
stem and leaf table

Question 19

four ways of graphical methods

Answer 19

frequency histogram
frequency polygon
ogive
pie chart

Question 20

four ways of numerical methods

Answer 20

measures of central tendencies
measures of dispersion
measures of shape
measures of data locations

Question 21

the organization of raw data in tabular form with classes and frequencies

Answer 21

frequency distribution

Question 22

separates one class in a grouped frequency from the other

Answer 22

class interval

Question 23

it has one more decimal place than the raw data and therefore it does not appear in the data

Answer 23

class boundary

Question 24

the number of times a certain value or class of values occurs

Answer 24

frequency

Question 25

frequency / the total number of data

Answer 25

relative frequency

Question 26

a graph which displays the data by using vertical bars of various heights to represent frequencies

Answer 26

frequency histogram

Question 27

a line graph between frequency and class mark

Answer 27

frequency polygon

Question 28

a frequency polygon of relative cumulative frequency against upper boundaries

Answer 28

ogive

Question 29

the degree of slice is based on the relative frequency

Answer 29

pie chart

Question 30

the sum of the product of class mark and corresponding frequency divided by the total of samples

Answer 30

mean

Question 31

the value that will divide the samples into two equal halves when the sample are arranged from lowest to highest

Answer 31

median

Question 32

the most frequent number

Answer 32

mode

Question 33

measures how the sample are clustered

Answer 33

range

Question 34

measures how the sample are dispersed

Answer 34

variance

Question 35

the positive square root of the variance

Answer 35

standard deviation

Question 36

a measure of the symmetry of the distribution of the sample

Answer 36

skewness

Question 37

a measure of the height of the distribution

Answer 37

kurtosis

Question 38

it is the 25%, 50%, and 75% respectively of the data

Answer 38

quartiles

Question 39

it is the 10%, 20%, 30%, to 90% respectively of the data

Answer 39

deciles

Question 40

it is the 1%, 2%, 3%, up to 99% respectively of the data

Answer 40

percentile