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STATISTICS 2 STAT2 > Introduction to Statistics > Flashcards

Introduction to Statistics Flashcards

1
Q

are collections of software designed to aid in statistical analysis and data exploration

A

Statistical Packages

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2
Q

The vast majority of quantitative and statistical analysis relies upon statistical packages for its execution.

A

Statistical Packages

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3
Q

is that the branch of science which deals with the collection, presentation, analysis and interpretation of data

A

Statistics

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4
Q

Statistics Aids in Decision Making
Statistics Summarizes Data for Public Use

A

Nature of Statistics
General Uses of Statistics

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5
Q

Statistics Aids in Decision Making

A
  • provides comparison
  • explains action that has taken place
  • justify a clain or assertion
  • predicts future outcomes
  • estimates unknown quantities
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6
Q

Fields of Statistics

A

*Statistical Methods of Applied Statistics
*Statistical Theory of Mathematical Statistics

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7
Q

refer to procedures and techniques used in the collection, presentation, analysis and interpretation of data

A

Statistical Methods of Applied Statistics

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8
Q

deals with the development and exposition of theories that serve as bases of statistical methods

A

Statistical Theory of Mathematical Statistics

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9
Q

2 Statistical Methods of Applied Statistics

A

Descriptive Statistics
Inferential Statistics

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10
Q

methods concerned with the collection, description, and analysis of a set of data without drawing conclusions or inferences about larger set

A

Descriptive Statistics

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11
Q

methods concerned with the collection, description, and analysis of a set of data without drawing conclusions or inferences about larger set

A

Descriptive Statistics

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12
Q

conclusions apply only to the data on hand

A

Descriptive Statistics

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13
Q

methods concerned with making predictions or inferences about a larger set of data using only the information gathered from a subset of this larger set

A

Inferential Statistics

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14
Q

conclusions are applicable to a larger set of data which the data on hand is only a subset

A

Inferential Statistics

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15
Q

is a collection of all elements under consideration in a statistical study

A

Population

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16
Q

is a part or subset of the population from which the information is collected

A

Sample

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17
Q

is a numerical characteristic of population

A

Parameter

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18
Q

is a numerical characteristic of the sample

A

Statistic

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19
Q

Collection and Presentation of Data
Steps in Statistical Inquiry

A

*Define the problem
*Formulate the research design
*Collect the data
*Code and analyze the collected data
*Interpret the results

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20
Q

Variables and Measurement

A

*Variable
*Measurement
*Experimental Unit

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21
Q

is a characteristic or attribute of person or objects which can assume different values or labels for different persons or objects under consideration

A

Variable

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22
Q

is the process of determining the value or label of a particular variable for the particular experimental unit

A

Measurement

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23
Q

is the individual or object on which a variable is measured

A

Experimental unit

24
Q

Classicfication of Variables

A

Discrete and Continuous
Qualitative vs Quantitative

25
Q

a variable which can assume finite, or, at most, countable infinite number of values

A

Discrete Variable

26
Q

usually measured by counting or enumeration

A

Discrete Variable

27
Q

a variable which can assume infinitely many values corresponding to a line interval

A

Continuous Variable

28
Q

a variable that yields categorical responses (e.g. political affiliation, occupation, marital status)

A

Qualitative Variable

29
Q

a variable that takes on numerical values representing an amount or quantity (e.g. weight, height, number of cars)

A

Quantitative Variable

30
Q

Levels of Measurement

A

*Nominal Level
*Ordinal Level
*Interval Level
*Ratio Level

31
Q

is the weakest level of measurement where numbers or symbols are used to simplify for categorizing subjects into different groups

A

Nominal Level

32
Q

measurement contains the properties of the nominal level, and in addition, the number assigned to categories of any variable maybe ranked or ordered in some low-to-high manner

A

Ordinal Level

33
Q

measurement which has the properties of the nominal and ordinal levels, and in addition the distance between any two numbers on the scale are of known sizes.

A

Interval Level

34
Q

scale must have a common and constant unit of measurement. Furthermore, the unit of measurement is arbitrary and there is no “true zero” point.

A

Interval Level

35
Q

measurement contains all the properties of the interval level, and in addition, it has a “true zero” point

A

Ratio Level

36
Q

measurement contains all the properties of the interval level, and in addition, it has a “true zero” point

A

Ratio Level

37
Q

Classification of Data

A

Primary vs Secondary
External vs Internal

38
Q

Data measured by the researcher/agency that published it

A

Primary Data

39
Q

any republication of data by another agency

A

Secondary Data

40
Q

information that relates to the operations and functions of the organization collecting data

A

Internal Data

41
Q

information that relates to some activity outside the organization collecting the data

A

External Data

42
Q

Data Collecting Methods

A

*Survey Method
*Observation Method
*Experimental Method
*Use of Existing Studies
*Registration Method

43
Q

questions are asked to obtain information, either through self-administered questionnaire or personal interview

A

Survey Method

44
Q

makes possible the recording of the behavior but only at the time of occurrence

A

Observation Method

45
Q

a method design for collecting data under controlled conditions

A

Experimental Method

46
Q

e.g. census, health statistics, and weather bureau reports

A

Use of Existing Studies

47
Q

2 types of Use of Existing Studies

A

*Documentary sources
*Field Sources

48
Q

published or written reports, periodicals, unpublished documents, etc.

A

Documentary Sources

49
Q

researchers who have done studies on the area of interest are asked personally or directly for information needed

A

Field Sources

50
Q

e.g. car registration, student registration, and hospital admission

A

Registration Method

51
Q

General Classification of Collecting Data

A

*Census or Complete Enumeration
*Survey Sampling

52
Q

is the process of gathering information from every unit in the population

A

Census or Complete Enumeration

53
Q

*not always possible to get timely , accurate and economical data
*costly, especially if the number of units in the population is too large

A

Census or Complete Enumeration

54
Q

is the process of obtaining information from the units in the selected sample

A

Survey Sampling

55
Q

Advantages of Survey Sampling

A

*reduced cost
*greater speed
*greater scope
*greater accuracy

STATISTICS 2 STAT2 (1 decks)

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