Introduction to Statistics

Question 1

Statistics

Answer 1

is a branch of
mathematics that deals with
the collection, organization,
presentation, analysis, and
interpretation of data.

Question 2

Two Types of Statistics

Answer 2

Descriptive and Inferential Statistics

Question 3

Descriptive Statistics

Answer 3

Deals with the collection & presentation of data and the summarizing values that describes the group’s characteristics.

Question 4

Most common summarizing values

Answer 4

Measures of central tendency and variation

Question 5

Inferential Statistics

Answer 5

Deals with predictions & inferences based on the analysis & interpretation of the results of information gathered by the statistician Surrender

Question 6

Common Statistical Tools of Inferential Statistics

Answer 6

T-test, z-test, analysis of variance (anova), chi-square, and pearson r

Question 7

Two Types of Data Gathering

Answer 7

Census and Survey

Question 8

Census

Answer 8

Methods of gathering data or population wherein 100 percent of the total population is being asked.

Question 9

Survey

Answer 9

Method of gathering data or population wherein only a representative sample of total population is being asked.

Question 10

Population

Answer 10

It is the totally of all the objects of a certain under consideration.

Question 11

Population

Answer 11

it is a complete set of individual, objects or measurements having some common observable characteristics.

Question 12

Sample

Answer 12

Part of a population that has the same characteristics of the given population.

Question 13

Parameters

Answer 13

The value or measure obtained from the population.

Question 14

Estimates

Answer 14

The value or measure obtained from the sample.

Question 15

Variables

Answer 15

An observable characteristic or attribute associated with the population or sample being studied which makes one different from the other. It can vary in quantity or in quality.

Question 16

Types of Variables

Answer 16

Qualitative and Quantitative Variables

Question 17

Qualitative variables

Answer 17

Are variables that can be placed into distinct categories, according to some characteristic or attribute.

Question 18

Examples of Qualitative Variables

Answer 18

Gender, religious preference, geographic location.

Question 19

Quantitative variables

Answer 19

Are numerical and can be ordered or ranked

Question 20

Examples of Quantitative Variables

Answer 20

Age, height, weight, body temperature

Question 21

Measurement scales

Answer 21

Nominal
Ordinal
Interval
Ratio

Question 22

Nominal

Answer 22

Classifies data into mutually exclusive categories in which no order or ranking can be imposed on the data.

Question 23

Examples of Nominal

Answer 23

Subject taught by college instructors, sex, political party, religion, marital status

Question 24

Ordinal

Answer 24

Classifies data into categories that can be ranked; however, precise differences between the ranks do not exist.

Question 25

Example of Ordinal

Answer 25

Grade(A.B.C.D), judging(1” place, 2nd place, etc.), rating scale (poor, good, excellent). ranking of tennis players

Question 26

Interval

Answer 26

Ranks data and precise differences between units of measure do exist; however, there is no meaningful zero.

Question 27

Examples of Interval

Answer 27

SAT score, IQ, temperature

Question 28

Ratio

Answer 28

Possesses all the characteristics of interval measurement, and there exists a true zero(a point where none of the quality being measured exists). In addition, true ratio exist when the same variable is measured on two different members of the population.

Question 29

Ratio examples

Answer 29

Height, weight, time, salary, age