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Kines II > Introduction To Spine > Flashcards

Introduction To Spine Flashcards

1
Q

What are the mobility functions of the spine?

A
  • provide movement in trunk
  • provide change in trunk posture
  • augment movements of UE and LE
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2
Q

What are the stability functions of the spine?

A
  • maintain upright posture
  • maintain head in stable position
  • protect spinal cord
  • protect viscera
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3
Q

primary curve- convexity and regions of spine

A

Posterior convexity

Thoracic and sacral

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4
Q

Secondary curvature- convexity and regions

A

Anterior convexity

Cervical and lumbar

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5
Q

What is the advantage of curves of spine

A
  • resists higher compressive loads

- 10 fold more resistance to axial compression compared to straight rod

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6
Q

What is the function of the vertebra?

A
  • weight bearing

- resists compressive load

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7
Q

What on the vertebrae resists helps compressive force

A

Trabeculae

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8
Q

Function of pedicles

A

Transmits tension and bending forces from posterior elements to vertebral bodies.

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9
Q

Function of lamina

A

Transmit forces from articulations, transverse and spinous processes to pedicles

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10
Q

What are the 2 functions of IV disc?

A
  • Increase motion

- Transmit load

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11
Q

What is the relationship between ratio and mobility of the IV disc

A

The greater the ratio between disc thickness and vertebral body height, the greater the mobility of spine

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12
Q

Components of IV disc

A 
Nucleus pulposus (inside)
Annulus fibrosus (around nucelus pulposus)
Vertebral end plate (superior and inferior of disc)
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13
Q

what kind of cartilage are cartilaginous end plates?

A

Hyaline cartilage closer to the vertebral body

Fibrocartilage closer to the nucleus pulposus

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14
Q

What is nucleus pulposus made of? What is its function?

A

-70-90% water
Type II collagen (resist compression)
-Distributes load to entire disc
Deforms when compressed and walls stretch

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15
Q

What motions put the MOST stress on disc?

A

Flexion and rotation

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16
Q

What is annulus fibrosus made of an what is its function?

A

-60-70% water
Type I collagen in outer portion
-resists greater tensile forces

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17
Q

What do Sharpey fibers connect?

A

Annulus to end plate

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18
Q

Explain disc thickness-vertebral body height ratio

A

Greater the ratio between disc thickness and vertebral body height, the greater the mobility.
(^ ratio, ^ movement)

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19
Q

What region as the greatest disc-vertebral height ratio

A

Cervical

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20
Q

What happens to disc-vertebral height ratio when we grow old

A

Increase in age, nucleus dries up, ratio decreases, vertebrae get closer to each other, lose mobility.

21
Q

Blood supply to IV disc

A

No blood supply from major arteries

Capillary plexus in base of end plate (supplies outer surface)

22
Q

Innervation to IV disc

A

Outer 1/3 to 1/2 of annulus fibrosis is innervated

Branches of vertebral and sinuvertebral nerves

23
Q

How many degrees of freedom in interbody joints

A

6

  • gliding
  • distraction/compression
  • A/P translation
  • lateral tilting
  • rotation
  • A/P tilting
24
Q

Explain meniscoid in zygopophyseal joint

A

Flex- mensicoid goes up
Extend- meniscoid goes down
It doesn’t cover whole joint so it has to move

25
What kind of joint is zygopophyseal joint
Diarthrodial synovial
26
Zygopophyseal articulation in cervical region (limit/easiest)
Limit- rotation and SB | Easiest- flex/ext
27
Zygopophyseal articulation in thoracic region (limit/easiest)
Limit- flex/ext | Easiest-SB
28
Zygopophyseal articulation in lumbar region (limit/easiest)
Limit- rot and SB | Easiest- flex/ext
29
Coupling motions- what 2 actions occur together
Rotation and lateral flexion
30
What does motion depend on?
- orientation of facets - ligament function - muscle limitation - size of disc (^ratio, ^mobility)
31
Motion in flexion (arthro, foramen size, spinous process, annulus)
``` Anterior glide and tilt Foramen size increases Spinous process separate Anterior annulus compresses Posterior annulus stretches ```
32
Motion in extension (arthro, foramen size, spinous process, annulus)
``` Posterior glide and tilt Foramen size decreases Spinous process move close together Anterior annulus stretches Posterior annulus compresses ```
33
Motion in lateral flexion (arthro, foramen size, spinous process, annulus)
``` Superior facet laterally tilts rotates and translates on inferior Foramen narrow on ipsilateral side Foramen widened on contralateral side Annulus compressed on concave side Annulus stretched on convex side ```
34
How many vertebrae in each spine region?
``` Cervical (7) Thoracic (12) Lumbar (5) Sacral Coccygeal ```
35
Annulus fibrosis function and region
- Resists distraction, translation, rotation of vertebral bodies - cervical, thoracic, lumbar
36
Anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL) function and region
- limits extension | - C2 to sacrum (well developed in cervical, lower thoracic, and lumbar)
37
Anterior atlanto-occipital ligament function and region
- Limits extension | - C2 to occipital bone
38
Posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL) function and region
- Limits forward flexion | - C2 to sacrum (broadened in cervical and thoracic, narrow in lumbar)
39
Tectorial membrane function and region
- limits forward flexion | - C2 to occipital bone
40
Ligamentum flavum function and region
- Limits forward flexion (especially in lumbar resisting laminae separation) - C2 to sacrum (long, broad, and thin in cervical and thoracic)(thickest in lumbar)
41
Posterior atlanto-occipital ligament function and region
- Limits flexion | - C1 and C2
42
Supraspinous ligament function and region
- limits forward flexion | - thoracic and lumbar. Weak in lumbar
43
Ligamentum nuchae function and region
- Limits forward flexion | - cervical (EOP to C7)
44
Interspinous ligament function and region
- Limits forward flexion | - primarily in lumbar, well developed
45
Intertransverse ligament function and region
- Limits contralateral lateral flexion | - primarily lumbar region
46
Alar ligament function and region
-Limits ipsilateral head rotation Limits contralateral lateral flexion -C1 & C2
47
Iliolumbar ligament function and region
- Resists anterior sliding of L5 and S1 | - Lower lumbar region
48
Zygopophyseal ligament function and region
-Resists forward flexion Resists axial rotation -strongest at cervicothoracic junction and thoracolumbar region

Kines II (1 decks)

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