Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Kines II > Introduction To Spine > Flashcards

Introduction To Spine Flashcards

1
Q

What are the mobility functions of the spine?

A
  • provide movement in trunk
  • provide change in trunk posture
  • augment movements of UE and LE
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the stability functions of the spine?

A
  • maintain upright posture
  • maintain head in stable position
  • protect spinal cord
  • protect viscera
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

primary curve- convexity and regions of spine

A

Posterior convexity

Thoracic and sacral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Secondary curvature- convexity and regions

A

Anterior convexity

Cervical and lumbar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the advantage of curves of spine

A
  • resists higher compressive loads

- 10 fold more resistance to axial compression compared to straight rod

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the function of the vertebra?

A
  • weight bearing

- resists compressive load

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What on the vertebrae resists helps compressive force

A

Trabeculae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Function of pedicles

A

Transmits tension and bending forces from posterior elements to vertebral bodies.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Function of lamina

A

Transmit forces from articulations, transverse and spinous processes to pedicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 2 functions of IV disc?

A
  • Increase motion

- Transmit load

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the relationship between ratio and mobility of the IV disc

A

The greater the ratio between disc thickness and vertebral body height, the greater the mobility of spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Components of IV disc

A 
Nucleus pulposus (inside)
Annulus fibrosus (around nucelus pulposus)
Vertebral end plate (superior and inferior of disc)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what kind of cartilage are cartilaginous end plates?

A

Hyaline cartilage closer to the vertebral body

Fibrocartilage closer to the nucleus pulposus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is nucleus pulposus made of? What is its function?

A

-70-90% water
Type II collagen (resist compression)
-Distributes load to entire disc
Deforms when compressed and walls stretch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What motions put the MOST stress on disc?

A

Flexion and rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is annulus fibrosus made of an what is its function?

A

-60-70% water
Type I collagen in outer portion
-resists greater tensile forces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What do Sharpey fibers connect?

A

Annulus to end plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Explain disc thickness-vertebral body height ratio

A

Greater the ratio between disc thickness and vertebral body height, the greater the mobility.
(^ ratio, ^ movement)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What region as the greatest disc-vertebral height ratio

A

Cervical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What happens to disc-vertebral height ratio when we grow old

A

Increase in age, nucleus dries up, ratio decreases, vertebrae get closer to each other, lose mobility.

21
Q

Blood supply to IV disc

A

No blood supply from major arteries

Capillary plexus in base of end plate (supplies outer surface)

22
Q

Innervation to IV disc

A

Outer 1/3 to 1/2 of annulus fibrosis is innervated

Branches of vertebral and sinuvertebral nerves

23
Q

How many degrees of freedom in interbody joints

A

6

  • gliding
  • distraction/compression
  • A/P translation
  • lateral tilting
  • rotation
  • A/P tilting
24
Q

Explain meniscoid in zygopophyseal joint

A

Flex- mensicoid goes up
Extend- meniscoid goes down
It doesn’t cover whole joint so it has to move

25
Q

What kind of joint is zygopophyseal joint

A

Diarthrodial synovial

26
Q

Zygopophyseal articulation in cervical region (limit/easiest)

A

Limit- rotation and SB

Easiest- flex/ext

27
Q

Zygopophyseal articulation in thoracic region (limit/easiest)

A

Limit- flex/ext

Easiest-SB

28
Q

Zygopophyseal articulation in lumbar region (limit/easiest)

A

Limit- rot and SB

Easiest- flex/ext

29
Q

Coupling motions- what 2 actions occur together

A

Rotation and lateral flexion

30
Q

What does motion depend on?

A
  • orientation of facets
  • ligament function
  • muscle limitation
  • size of disc (^ratio, ^mobility)
31
Q

Motion in flexion (arthro, foramen size, spinous process, annulus)

A 
Anterior glide and tilt
Foramen size increases 
Spinous process separate
Anterior annulus compresses
Posterior annulus stretches
32
Q

Motion in extension (arthro, foramen size, spinous process, annulus)

A 
Posterior glide and tilt 
Foramen size decreases
Spinous process move close together
Anterior annulus stretches
Posterior annulus compresses
33
Q

Motion in lateral flexion (arthro, foramen size, spinous process, annulus)

A 
Superior facet laterally tilts rotates and translates on inferior 
Foramen narrow on ipsilateral side
Foramen widened on contralateral side
Annulus compressed on concave side
Annulus stretched on convex side
34
Q

How many vertebrae in each spine region?

A 
Cervical (7)
Thoracic (12)
Lumbar (5)
Sacral
Coccygeal
35
Q

Annulus fibrosis function and region

A
  • Resists distraction, translation, rotation of vertebral bodies
  • cervical, thoracic, lumbar
36
Q

Anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL) function and region

A
  • limits extension

- C2 to sacrum (well developed in cervical, lower thoracic, and lumbar)

37
Q

Anterior atlanto-occipital ligament function and region

A
  • Limits extension

- C2 to occipital bone

38
Q

Posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL) function and region

A
  • Limits forward flexion

- C2 to sacrum (broadened in cervical and thoracic, narrow in lumbar)

39
Q

Tectorial membrane function and region

A
  • limits forward flexion

- C2 to occipital bone

40
Q

Ligamentum flavum function and region

A
  • Limits forward flexion (especially in lumbar resisting laminae separation)
  • C2 to sacrum (long, broad, and thin in cervical and thoracic)(thickest in lumbar)
41
Q

Posterior atlanto-occipital ligament function and region

A
  • Limits flexion

- C1 and C2

42
Q

Supraspinous ligament function and region

A
  • limits forward flexion

- thoracic and lumbar. Weak in lumbar

43
Q

Ligamentum nuchae function and region

A
  • Limits forward flexion

- cervical (EOP to C7)

44
Q

Interspinous ligament function and region

A
  • Limits forward flexion

- primarily in lumbar, well developed

45
Q

Intertransverse ligament function and region

A
  • Limits contralateral lateral flexion

- primarily lumbar region

46
Q

Alar ligament function and region

A

-Limits ipsilateral head rotation
Limits contralateral lateral flexion
-C1 & C2

47
Q

Iliolumbar ligament function and region

A
  • Resists anterior sliding of L5 and S1

- Lower lumbar region

48
Q

Zygopophyseal ligament function and region

A

-Resists forward flexion
Resists axial rotation
-strongest at cervicothoracic junction and thoracolumbar region

Kines II (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions