Introduction to Spinal Orthoses (QUIZ 4)

Question 1

What are the ISO Nomenclatures for Orthoses?

Answer 1

Categorize
Describe
Specify
Determine

Question 2

Categorize

Answer 2

by body segment encompassed

Question 3

Describe

Answer 3

Individual factors affecting perscription

Question 4

Specify

Answer 4

Clinical objectives of treatment

Question 5

Determine

Answer 5

Design elements (interface, articulations, structural components, cosmetic elements)

Question 6

C7

Answer 6

vertebra prominens

Question 7

T2

Answer 7

Superior angle of scapula
sternoclavicular joint
jugular notch

Question 8

T4

Answer 8

Sternal angle of louis

Question 9

T3

Answer 9

Scapular spine
menubrium

Question 10

T7

Answer 10

Inferior angle of scapula

Question 11

T9

Answer 11

Xiphoid process

Question 12

L2-3

Answer 12

lower costal margin

Question 13

L4

Answer 13

iliac crest

Question 14

S2

Answer 14

PSIS, ASIS

Question 15

Spinal Orthoses Hypothesized Mechanisms of Action

Answer 15

Motion Control
Decreased Loading
Enhanced Proprioception
other (warmth, placebo, etc)

Question 16

Motion Control

Answer 16

Can be gross or segmental
end point control
3 point pressure systems
total contact

Question 17

Decreased loading

Answer 17

increased abdominal pressure
skeletal alignment

Question 18

enhanced proprioception

Answer 18

avoid abnormal postures
kinesthetic reminder to withdraw

Question 19

Euler’s Buckling Theory In order to most stable

Answer 19

Fixed - Free
Pivot - Pivot
Fixed - Pivot
Fixed - Fixed

Question 20

Basic Spinal Biomechanics

Answer 20

Compressive Loading
follower load theory
functional spinal unit
denis 3 column theory

Question 21

What is Primarily Compressive Loads caused by

Answer 21

gravity
external forces & moments
muscle tension

Question 22

What is primarily compressive loads resisted by

Answer 22

boney structure
ligaments & tendons
Muscles

Question 23

Follower Load Theory

Answer 23

co-activation of trunk muscles could alter the direction of internal forces to follow the curve of the spine

muscle dysfunction can result in internal shear forces

muscle strengthening may be useful

Question 24

What are two functional spinal units

Answer 24

1) 2 vertebral bodies + intervertebral disk, facet joints & ligaments

2) 3 joint complex: cartilaginous disk + 2 synovial disks

Question 25

Anterior column

Answer 25

ALL, anterior 2/3 of body

Question 26

middle column

Answer 26

post 1/3 body, PLL

Question 27

Posterior column

Answer 27

all structures posterior to PLL

Question 28

one column injury is?

Answer 28

stable

Question 29

two column injury is?

Answer 29

unstable

Question 30

three column injury is?

Answer 30

invariably unstable