Introduction to Sociology Exam 1 Flashcards
Sociology
The systematic collection of information the explanation findings, connections to the bigger picture
C Wright Mills
Sociological Imagination
Sociological imagination
vivid awareness of the relationship between personal experience and the wider society, trying to see the world in a new view
Social Structure
study of the relations among individuals and groups in a society, when these relations are on a predictable enduring pattern
culture
lens of values and beliefs through which we view reality
conflict theory
unequal distribution of wealth and power in a society
Karl Marx
Key thinker of conflict theory
Durkheim
key thinker of functionalism
functionalism
view society of a set of parts that work together
Herbert Blumer
Key thinker of symbolic interactionism
symbolic interactionism
the way people interact with one another, and the meanings, definitions, and interpretations that influence these interactions
Dorothy Smith
key thinker of Feminism
Feminism
women deserve the same rights as men
The 4 Paradigm
Feminism, symbolic interactionism, functionalism, conflict theory
Drake and Cardi B are similar in their access to power, wealth and prestige, As such, Drake and Cardi B are in the same:
social class
who wrote that “social facts must be studied as things, as realities external to the individual”
Emile Durkheim
A group of people with similar access to power, wealth and prestige are called
social class
The concept of the sociological imagination was originated by
C Wright Mills
society
a group of people who occupy a particular territory, feel they make up a unified and distinct entity, and share a standard set of assumptions about reality
norms
the rules or expectations of behaviour people consider acceptable in their group or society norms vary from one community to another and change over time
values
a shared understanding of what a group or society consider suitable, right, desirable a way of viewing the world and attaching positive or negative sentiments
constraining power
the ability of a social institution to control peoples behaviour and increase their obedience to social norms and to limit their life chances and opportunities
Transformative power
the ability of a social institution or experience to radically change peoples routine practice
social institution
a social structure governed by stable patterns of rules and expectations. social institutions include the family the school the church
social relationship
a pattern of continuing contact and communication between two or more people that follows an expected pattern
status
the rights, duties and lifestyle that people associate with a particular role in an institution or society
role
the way people expect you to act in a social situation
interaction
a pattern exchanged of information, judgment, confirmation, or emotions between at least 2 people in a social setting
negotiation
an interaction whose goal is to define boundaries or expectations of a relationship
symbolic violence
nonphysical violence or harm perpetrated by the powerful against the powerless
Bias
refers to the systematic errors in the process of drawing conclusion from our observations that may lead to inaccurate or imprecise knowledge
social research methods
the toolset that sociologists draw from in order to learn about, understand and contribute to social life
reliability
the extent to which findings can be replicated and are consistent across comparable situations
validity
refers to the extent that a concept, or an idea or measure accurately represents the real world
quantitative methods
reliance on numerical values obtained through surveys rather than interviews
qualitative methods
examines characteristics that cannot simply be reduced by numerical values
saturation
point in time when no new insights are gained from additional data analysis
triangulation
comparing and contrasting data from various sources
correlation
measure of association between 2 variables which can be either negative or positive
computational social sciences
the use of approaches such as machine learning to collect and analyze research data with unprecedented breadth, depth and scale
research design
the blueprint of the study which includes the study type, research, question, hypothesis etc
standpoint theory
theory that individuals view society from different social locations depending on their past experiences and their status position
census
a recurring and official count of a particular population
reactivity
people under observation changing their usual or typical behaviour because they know they are being observed
ethnocentrism
the tendency to use ones own culture as a basis for evaluating other cultures; also the view that ones culture is superior to others
cultural relativism
the principle that we should judge a culture and its beliefs and values by that culture itself not another culture
ideology
a set of ideas and beliefs that provides the basis for political or economic action
dominant ideology
a set of thoughts and beliefs that justifies and perpetuates the ruling class in a given society
sign
a gesture, artifact or word that represents something other than itself
androcentric or sexist impression/language
any use of word that implies male dominance or exclusivity (and inferiority or invisibility of other genders) (postman, mankind)
subculture
a group that shares the cultural elements of the larger society but also has its own distinctive values
material culture
the physical and technological aspect of peoples lives all the physical objects that members of a culture create and use
cultural capital
body of knowledge and social skills that help people get ahead socially
social capital
resource that one gains from being part of a network of social relationships
vancouver riots
1994 and 2001
1994 Vancouver riot
police and media removed all the police use of violence
