Introduction To Sociology Flashcards
What is social control?
The various methods used to persuade or force individuals to conform to society’s norms. It is imposed by agents of social control.
What are values?
General beliefs about what is right and wrong and the important standards which society believe are worth maintaining
What does social class refer to?
A group of people who share a similar economic situation, such as occupation, income and wealth
What is disability?
A mental or physical impairment which has a substantial and long-term adverse effect on a person’s ability to carry out normal day-to-day activities
What is gender?
The socially constructed differences between men and women
What are the 3 sections of the working class?
Skilled manual
Semi-skilled manual
Unskilled manual
What is culture?
The language, beliefs, values and norms, customs, dress, diet, roles, knowledge and skills which make up the way of life of a particular society
What is ethnicity?
The shared culture of a social group which gives its members a common identity in some ways different than that of other groups
What are the 3 social classes?
Upper class Middle class Lower class
What are life chances?
The chances of gaining things such as good quality housing, a well paid job, good health and educational success and avoiding things such as unemployment, ill health and premature death
What is socialisation?
The lifelong process of learning how to behave in a culture of a society
What is primary socialisation
Socialisation learned from the family
What is meant by sex?
The biological differences between men and women
What are negative sanctions?
Punishments for those who break norms and values
What are the 2 types of agents of social control?
Formal (exist purely to enforce social control)
Informal (enforce social control, but it is not their main role)
What is secondary socialisation?
Socialisation learned from people and institutions outside of the family
What are norms?
Social rules which define correct and acceptable behaviour in a society or social group, to which people are expected to conform
What are the 3 sections of the middle class?
Upper middle
Middle middle
Lowe middle
What is age?
A social construction. Society has different norms and values about what is expected of different ages
What are sanctions?
Actions that are used to enforce social control
What are positive sanctions?
Rewards for conforming to social norms and values
