Introduction to Sociology Flashcards
Culture
The norms and values of a society (e.g. the food we eat, the sports we play, the clothes we wear etc)
Norms
The unwritten and informal rules we follow and understand (e.g. you queue at a bus stop)
Roles
Patterns of behaviour expected by individuals in different situations (e.g. how a student behaves for a teacher)
Social construct
Patterns of behaviour based on the normal and expectations of a society
Society
A group of people with a common culture
Values
Important beliefs held by individuals and social groups
What is Emile Durkheim regarded as the founder of
Sociology
Why is Durkheim regarded as the founder of sociology
~He established the first European department of sociology
~Combined imperial research with sociology
~Described as laying the foundations for functionalism
Crime
Any form of behaviour that breaks the law
What did Durkheim believe crime was
He believed it was natural and inevitable
Deviance
Any form of behaviour that doesn’t conform to dominant norms, ranging from behaviours that are simply disapproved of to criminal actions
Division of labour
The separation of any work into various component parts
Bourgeoisie
The capitalist class who own the means of production
Capitalism
A system of economic organisation in which businesses are owned by private individuals who profit from the labour of the workers they employ
Communism
Marx believed a future ideal society would be one where the community own all runs property no there would be no social classes
Communist manifesto
A political pamphlet outlining the principles of communism
Economics
The study of the production and consumption of goods and services
Left wing
Political beliefs which emphasise social equality eg socialism
Liberalism
A political belief in systems of government in which the rights and freedoms of the individual are protected by laws and constitution
Proletariat
A term used by Marx to describe all the workers who do not own the means of production and so must sell their labour
Wealth
Material resources owned by individuals eg property, savings and business
Working class
Members of society who are engaged in some form of manual work
What are the two groups Marxists believe society is divided into
Bourgeoisie and proletariat
False class consciousnesses
The proletariat have the mistaken belief that society is fair and opportunities are open to all
Who exploits the proletariat
The bourgeoisie
Is Marxism a conflict or consensus theory
Conflict
What is feminism
Th belief that men and women should have equal opportunities
