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PLANNING 1 > Introduction to Site Planning and Landscape Architecture & Parameters of Site Selection and Analysis > Flashcards

Introduction to Site Planning and Landscape Architecture & Parameters of Site Selection and Analysis Flashcards

1
Q

“the art of arranging structures on the land and shaping the spaces between; an art linked to architecture, engineering, landscape architecture and city planning” - KEVIN LYNCH

A

SITE PLANNING

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2
Q

3 SITE ANALYSIS FACTORS

A

Natural factors
Cultural factors
Aesthetic factors

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3
Q

the natural science that studies the Earth – its composition; the processes that shaped its surface; and its history.

A

GEOLOGY

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4
Q

rocks produced by crystallization from a liquid.

A

IGNEOUS ROCKS

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5
Q

when igneous rocks are exposed to surface and weathering reduces them to particles, these particles are moved by erosional process and deposited in layers into rivers and oceans.

A

SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

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6
Q

when sedimentary rocks are pushed to deeper levels of the earth.

A

Metamorphosed Rocks

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7
Q

is that branch of Geology that deals with the origin, nature and distribution of landforms.

A

GEOMORPHOLOGY

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8
Q

refers to the description of landforms.

A

PHYSIOGRAPHY

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9
Q

are irregularities on the earth’s surface. They are derived from volcanic, glacial, or erosional processes.

A

LANDFORMS

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10
Q

four basic geomorphologic information

A
  • Soil Properties
  • Drainage
  • Topography and Slopes
  • Soil Erosion
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11
Q

2 SOIL PROPERTIES

A

*COMPOSITION
*TEXTURE

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12
Q

refers to the material that makes up soil.

A

COMPOSITION

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13
Q

comprise 50% to 80% of the volume of the soil and form the all important skeletal structure of the soil.

A

MINERAL PRACTICE

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14
Q

varies radically in soils and usually imposes a limitation to any building structure.

A

ORGANIC MATTER

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15
Q

is the term used to describe the composite sizes of particles in a soil sample

A

TEXTURE

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16
Q

content varies with particle sizes, local drainage, topography and climate.

A

Water

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17
Q

There are 12 basic terms for texture, at the center of which is Class LOAM which is an intermediate mixture of 40% _____, 40% ____and 20% _____.

A

40% sand, 40% silt and 20% clay.

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18
Q

refers to the soil’s ability to transfer gravity water downward through:

A

GOOD DRAINAGE

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19
Q

PROCESS OF GOOD DRAINAGE

A

*INFILTRATION
*PERMEABILITY
*PERCOLATION

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20
Q

means that gravity water is not readily transmitted by the soil and soil is frequently or permanently saturated and may have water standing on it.

A

POOR DRAINAGE

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21
Q

Understanding slope forms for site design requires understanding of local geologic, soil, hydrologic, and vegetative conditions.

A

SLOPE ANALYSIS

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22
Q

is expressed graphically in terms of a slope profile, a silhouette of a slope drawn to known proportions with distance on the horizontal axis and elevation on the vertical axis

A

SLOPE FORM

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23
Q

4 basic slope forms are detectable on contour maps:

A

*STRAIGHT
*S-SHAPE
*CONCAVE
*CONVEX

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24
Q

ANGLE OF LOAM (well drained)

A

45° OR 35°

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25
Q

ANGLE OF LOOSE CLAY (saturated)

A

25° OR 15°

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26
Q

ANGLE OF BOULDERS AND COBBLES

A

45° OR 35°

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27
Q

ANGLE OF SAND (well drained)

A

33°

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28
Q

ANGLE OF SAND OR LOAM (FORESTED)

A

50° OR 35°

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29
Q

angle at which soil can be safely inclined and beyond which it will fail.

A

ANGLE OF REPOSE

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30
Q

ANGLE OF COMPACT CLAY (well drained)

A

65° OR 45°

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31
Q

BEDROCK (consolisitated)

A

90° OR 65°

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32
Q

LOESS (well drained)

A

90° OR 50°

33
Q

a map of a portion of the earth that describes the shape of the earth’s surface by contour lines.

A

TOPOGRAPHIC MAP

34
Q

are imaginary lines that join points of equal elevation on the surface of the land above or below a reference surface such as the mean sea level.

35
Q

is an important analytical process made on a topographic map that makes a proper match between land uses and slopes and produces an overall pattern of slopes which helps the site planner in determining the buildable portions of the site.

A

SLOPE ANALYSIS

36
Q

WHAT % SLOPE PATTERN THAT ARE Generally flat & Highly buildable

37
Q

WHAT % SLOPE PATTERN THAT ARE Gently rolling & Moderately buildable

38
Q

WHAT % SLOPE PATTERN THAT ARE Gentle to mild slopes & Moderately difficult to build

A

10 – 15%

39
Q

WHAT % SLOPE PATTERN THAT ARE Mild to steep slopes & Difficult to build

A

15 – 20%

40
Q

WHAT % SLOPE PATTERN THAT ARE Harsh, steep slopes & Unbuildable

A

20% and over

41
Q

To compute the Distance of aslope from a topographic contour map

A

D distance = contour interval / % slope X 100 = X MTS.

42
Q

is prepared to visually express these slope patterns on the topographic map.

43
Q

when slopes are selected according to building type and the activities associated with it.

A

DESIRABLE SLOPES

44
Q

when rocks are broken down (weathered) into small fragments, and carried by wind, water, ice and gravity.

A

SOIL EROSION

45
Q

PREVENTION: Four factors to consider in forecasting erosion rates:

A

*Vegetation
*Soil Type
*Slope Size and
*Inclination

46
Q

the natural science that studies the Waters of the Earth, their occurrence, circulation and distribution, their chemical and physical properties, and their reaction to the living environment including their relation to all living things.

47
Q

or the planet’s water cycle, described by the movement of water from the oceans to the atmosphere to the continents and back to the sea.

A

HYDROLOGIC CYCLE

48
Q

is the upper boundary of the zone of groundwater; the top of unconfined aquifer .

A

WATER TABLE

49
Q

A permeable geological stratum or formation that can both store and transmit groundwater in significant quantities.

50
Q

a geographic area of land bounded by topographic features and height of land that captures precipitation, filters and stores water and drains waters to a shared destination.

51
Q

THERE ARE 3 ROLES IN relevance of Plant Materials in site planning

A
  1. Climatic control
  2. Environmental Engineering
  3. Architectural and Aesthetic Uses
52
Q

is Earth’s source of light and heat. It warms the earth’s surface, is reflected by paving and other objects, and produces glare.

A

SOLAR RADIATION

53
Q

helps to control temperature.

54
Q

Plants clean air through the process of photosynthesis where they use up carbon dioxide emissions of cars and trucks and in the process release oxygen into the air.

A

AIR PURIFICATION

55
Q

By intercepting rain and slowing it down, they aid in moisture retention, and in the prevention of soil erosion. They also help soil retain water by providing shade, or protection from the wind, or by water shedding function of trees’ roots

A

PRECIPITATION

56
Q

The sound level of normal conversation is about

A

60 decibels

57
Q

A light source received directly produces primary glare while reflected light is secondary glare. Plants may be used to filter or block glare by use of plants with the appropriate size, shape, and foliage density.

A

GLARE and REFLECTION

58
Q

minimized by the plants action of intercepting rain, decreasing splash, and increased water absorption.

A

EROSION CONTROL

59
Q

Plants can help in several ways: as wall elements to form outdoor spaces, as canopies to provide shade, or as ground covers to provide color and texture on the base plane.

A

SPACE DEFINITION

60
Q

While trees and shrubs can screen out objectionable views, they can also provide backdrops for sculpture and fountains.

A

VIEW CONTROL

61
Q

Plants affects peoples’ ________.

62
Q

relates closely to habitats provided by plant communities.

63
Q

The three groups of habitat elements essential to the different species of wildlife are:

A
  1. Openland Wildlife
  2. Woodland Wildlife
  3. Wetland Wildlife
64
Q

includes birds and mammals commonly associated with crop fields, meadows, pastures, and non-forested
lands.

A

OPENLAND WILDLIFE

65
Q

These species need various combinations of GRASSES, WILD PLANTS, HARDWOOD PLANTS, ETC.

A

WOODLAND WILDIFE

66
Q

include birds and mammals needing habitats with wetland foods, shallow water, excavated ponds, and streams.

A

WETLAND WILDIFE

67
Q

can be generally classified into four types: COLD, TEMPERATE, HOT ARID and HOT HUMID

68
Q

the technology of cooling spaces through proper siting of structure and use of energy-efficient materials, with the overall objective of energy conservation.

A

PASSIVE COOLING

69
Q

are available in each city and municipality to determine the areas for commercial, institutional, industrial, residential, and open space uses. These were planned according to the most rational use of land in relation to the natural and socio-economic factors, and in accordance with compatibility with adjacent land uses.

A

LAND USE PLANS

70
Q

The relationship of traffic pattern to each other and to the site must be studied for adequacy of access and efficiency of circulation within and outside of the site.

A

TRAFFIC AND TRANSIT SYSTEMS

71
Q

refers to the population per unit land area.

72
Q

________ regulations, laws and codes are present in every city and municipality to regulate the type of development.

73
Q

3 HISTORIC FACTORS

A
  1. Historic Buildings
  2. Historic Landmarks
  3. Archeology
74
Q

The study of the community and its social and economic structures are done to determine whether there is a need, an interest, or any objections on the project.

A

SOCIO-ECONOMIC

75
Q

earth, rock, water or plant material, these may be incorporated in the site development as natural assets of the land. earth, rock, water or plant material, these may be incorporated in the site development as natural assets of the land.

A

NATURAL FEATURES

76
Q

is defined as the way an open space of a given site is configured according to an arrangement of elements that evoke activity or flow, both physically or visually.

A

SPATIAL PATTERN

77
Q

is a scene observed from a vantage point.

78
Q

is a confined view, usually directed toward a terminal or dominant feature. It has three components: a viewing station, a view, and a foreground.

PLANNING 1 (1 decks)

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