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Introduction to Law > Introduction to Shariah > Flashcards

Introduction to Shariah Flashcards

1
Q

From what words does Shariah derived from?

A

Shin ra’ayn

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2
Q

What is the literal meaning of Shariah?

A
  1. the road to the watering-place

2. the straight path to follow

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3
Q

From which surah does it mention the literal meaning ?

A

Surah Jathiyah :18

ثُمَّ جَعَلْنَاكَ عَلَى شَرِيعَةٍ مِّنَ الْأَمْرِ فَاتَّبِعْهَا وَلَا تَتَّبِعْ أَهْوَاء الَّذِينَ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ

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4
Q

What is the technical meaning of Shariah?

A

the sum total of Islamic teaching was revealed by Prophet recorded in Al Quran and guided style of Prophet Muhammad called sunnah

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5
Q

How many components of Shariah there is?

A

There is 3 Components of Shariah

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6
Q

What is the 3 components of Shariah?

A
  1. Ahkam Al I’tiqadiyyah
  2. Ahkam Al Ahlakaqiyyah
  3. Ahkam Al Amaliyah
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7
Q

What is Ahkam Al I’tiqadiyyah?

A
  • sanctions relating to belief (kepercayaan)

- eg: Believe in Allah and in the Day of Judgement

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8
Q

What is Ahkam Al Akhlaqiyyah ?

A
  • sanctions relating to moral ethics (sikap/perangai)

- eg : the injunction to tell the truth , sincerity and to be honest.

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9
Q

What is Ahkam Al Amaliyyah?

A
  • sanctions relating to the sayings and doing of the individual and their relationship with others (amalan)
  • knowns as fiqh
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10
Q

Other name for fiqh

A

Ahkam AL Amaliyyah

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11
Q

What is Fiqh?

A
  • name given to the whole science of jurisprudence
  • because : it implies the exercise of intelligence in deciding a point of law in the absence of a binding text of the Quran and Sunnah.
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12
Q

What is the derived of Fiqh?

A

fa qa ha

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13
Q

What is the literal meaning of Fiqh?

A
  • comprehension or true understanding

- Surah Taha : 27-28 ; and make loose the knot ( the defect) from my tongue , that they understand my speech.

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14
Q

How many basic sources in the terms of Fiqh?

A

4 terms

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15
Q

What is the basic sources?

A
  1. the knowledge of one’s right from the QURAN and SUNNAH
  2. obligation derived from the QURAN and SUNNAH
  3. consensus of opinion among the learned ( IJMA’ )
  4. analogical reasoning ( QIYAS )
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16
Q

Prophet —-> Mu’az Bin Jabal

A

Judgement on Quran- Sunnah - individual opinion w/o transgressing the boundary

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17
Q

What does the Islamic perception of the hadith explain?

A

Independent judgement within the certain limits is permissible and praiseworthy

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18
Q

How many types of fiqh according to the fixed ruling and changeable ruling ?

A

2 types

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19
Q

What is the types of Fiqh?

A
  • deduced directly from Quran and Sunnah
  • deduced from understanding & interpretation of
    Quran, Sunnah, various Islamic law sources.
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20
Q

What is ruling that are directedly from Sunnah , Quran?

A
  • Cannot be changed according to time, place, circumstances
  • implementation can be deferred if situation does not permitted @ defeat the objectives of Shariah
  • eg : Umar al Khattab suspended implementation of punishment for theft due to drought season ( prompted to steal food in order to survive)
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21
Q

What is the ruling deduced from understanding of Quran, Sunnah, Islamic Law sources?

A
  • depends on the power of scholars to utilize the power of reasoning in deciding certain issue of Fiqh
  • mostly related to mu’amalah (flexible and can be changed according to time, place and circumstances)
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22
Q

What does most of the rulings of fiqh related to ?

A

mu’amalah

23
Q

what is the differences between shariah and fiqh ?

A
  • Shariah : divine relation
    Fiqh : human activities that focused on studying and
    understanding that revelation
  • Shariah : wider circle
    Fiqh: one of the components under shariah
  • Shariah : found in Quran and Sunnah ( Ahkam
    Akhlaqiyyah/Amaliyyah,Itiqadiyyah)
    Fiqh : concern Ahkam Al Amaliyyah
  • Shariah : Based on revelations from Quran and Sunnah
    Fiqh : focus on the power of reasoning
24
Q

what is fiqh rulings?

A

legal rules @ shariah injunctions

25
Q

where are the rulings deduced from?

A

different sources of Islamic Law

26
Q

how many categories of fiqh rulings is there?

A

5 categories

27
Q

what is the 5 categories ?

A
  1. Fardu @ wajib ( compulsory )
  2. Sunnah ( recommended )
  3. Haram ( Prohibited)
  4. Mubah ( permissible )
  5. Makruh ( Undesirable)
28
Q

What is Fardu ?

A
  • absolute command supported by decisive proof

- Disobedience w/o legal excuse is a sin and denial amounts to disbelief

29
Q

How many types of fardu there is?

30
Q

what is the types of fardu ?

A

fardu ain

fardu kifayah

31
Q

What is fardu ain ?

A

Individual obligation

  • needs tobe undertaken by every individual, disobeying= sin
  • eg : pray 5 times daily
32
Q

What is fardu kifayah ?

A

Colletive responsibilities

  • a group of people undertake to the obligation and the rest not be held reponsibilities
  • no one carries out, whole community bear the sin
  • eg : being an doctor
33
Q

How many types of Sunnah is there?

A

2 types of sunnah

34
Q

What is the types of sunnah ?

A

Mu’akkadah

Ghayr Mu’akkadah

35
Q

What is Sunnah Mu’akkadah?

A
  • act of Prophet MUhammad perform regularly
  • highly recommended
  • ommiting is frowned but not a sin
  • Mandub
  • eg : Sunnah prayer
36
Q

what is sunnah ghayr mu’akkadah?

A
  • act of Prophet often perform but sometimes omitted w/o excuses
  • omission is not a sin
  • mustahab
  • eg : giving charity
37
Q

What is Mandub ?

A

Highly recommend act

38
Q

What is Mustahab

A

Praiseworthy

39
Q

What is the different between both sunnah ?

A

mu’akkadah is highly recommended, omission of ghayr mu’akkadah is less dislike than mu’akkadah

40
Q

What is Haram ?

prohibited/unlawful

A
  • act that is prohibited by decisive evidence from Quran or Sunnah
  • its denial amounts to disbelief
41
Q

What is the result of commiting it ?

A

Punishment

42
Q

What if we omit from doing haram stuff

A

will be rewarded

43
Q

example of Haram act

A

Adultery , consumption of liquor

44
Q

What is makhruh ?

Abominable/undesirable

A

omission is preferable, highly recommended

45
Q

How many types og Makruh is there?

46
Q

What is the types of Makruh?

A

Makruh tanzihi

Makruh Tahrimi

47
Q

what is Makruh Tanzihi?

A

lesser undesirable, closer to permissible

48
Q

What is the example of the act Makruh Tanzihi?

A

eating onions, bitter bean

49
Q

What is Makruh tahrimi ?

A

nearer to haram

50
Q

example of the act

A

Sunat prayer after subuh or asar prayer

51
Q

What is Mubah

A

an act whose both commissions and ommisions neither merit any rewards nor entails any punishment

52
Q

What is Mubah also known as?

A

ja’iz

halal

53
Q

Example of mubah

A

playing sports game

Introduction to Law (3 decks)

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